Öz
This study attempts to reveal the concept of commodity fetishism, with its distinctly postmodern concern of body and beauty, as reflected in Louis de Berniéres’s novel Birds Without Wings. In his work, Berniéres tries to emphasise the material exorbitance of the body and reconsiders some master concepts of Marxist and Freudian discourse, such as fetish and commodity, with reference to use-value and exchange-value of the body and beauty.
This study argues that Louis de Berniéres’s novel Birds Without Wings departs from both Marxist and Freudian representation of fetishism, and exhibits instead the social and discursive practices that encourage the fetishisation of objects, as well as the postmodern preoccupation with commodity-body-sign through the lenses of Jean Baudrillard. Louis de Bernières’s characters imagine that they can determine their own value in the world, as they are modern men, but they inevitably come to acknowledge that, as a result of modernity, their body and identity become enmeshed as signs in a symbolic exchange, their value being established by outer phenomena and not by themselves. In their plight for their own authority, these characters see only the annihilation of their assertions, since they become objectified in the political economy of signs, representing only symbolic or static beings whose worth is determined in the exchange process.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Commodity Fetishism Beauty Symbolic Exchange Use-value Exchange-value
Kaynakça
- Baudrillard, J. (1981). For a critique of the political economy of the sign. St. Lois: Telos Press.
- Baudrillard, J. (1993). Symbolic exchange and death. I. H. Grant, (Trans.) London: Sage.
- Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. S. Glaser, & A. Arbor, (Trans.) Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
- Baudrillard, J. (1998). The consumer society. (C. Turner, Trans.) London: Sage.
- Berniéres, L. (2004). Birds without wings. London: Vintage War.
- Freud, S. (1977). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In S. Freud, On Sexuality. Middlesex: Penguin Books.
- Gammam, L., & Makinen, M. (1994). Female fetishism: A new look. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
- Gane, M. (1991). Baudrillard's bestiary: Baudrillard and culture. London and New York: Routledge.
- Gerofsky, S. (2010). The impossibility of ‘real-life’ word problems (According to Bakhtin, Zizek and Baudrillard), Discourse Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 31(1), 61-73.
- Golban, T. (2015). The apocalypse myth in Louis de Bernières’ novel Birds Without Wings: Rustem Bey and an individual apocalyptic experience in the Kierkegaardian frame, The Annals of Ovidius University of Constanta – the Philology Series, XXVI (1), 44-52.
- Golban, T., and Akkaş, N. (2017). The recreation of beauty as revealed in the postmodern novel Birds Without Wings by Louis de Berniéres, Journal of Awareness, Volume 2, Special Issue, 31-46.
- Marx, K. (1976). Capital (Vol. 1). Middlesex: Penguin Books.
- Toffoletti, K. (2011). Baudrillard eframed: Interpreting key thinkers for the arts (Contemporary thinkers reframed) New York: I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd.
- Zander, P-O. (2014). Baudrillard’s theory of value: a baby in marxist bath water?, Rethinking Marxism, 26 (3), 382-397.
Öz
Bu çalışma meta fetişizmini ve onunla belirgin bir şekilde bağlantılı olan postmodern beden ve güzellik kavramlarını Louis de Berniéres’nin Kanatsız Kuşlar isimli romanında yansıtıldığı şekliyle ortaya koymaya çalışır. Berniéres eserinde bedenin materyalist aşırılığını vurgulamaya çalışır ve Marksist ve Freudcu söylemdeki fetiş ve meta gibi bazı ana kavramları bedenin ve güzelliğin kullanım değeri ve değişim değeri kavramlarına referansta bulunarak yeniden değerlendirir.
Bu çalışma Louis de Berniéres’nin Kanatsız Kuşlar romanının fetişizmin yansıtılması açısından hem Markist hem de Freudcu yansımadan ayrıldığını ve onun yerine Jean Baudrillard’ın bakış açısıyla meta-beden-işaret kavramlarıyla takıntılı postmodern yaklaşımla beraber eşyaların fetişleştirilmesini destekleyen sosyal ve söylemsel uygulamaları sergilediğini savunur. Louis de Berniéres’nin karakterleri, modern insanlar olarak bu dünyadaki değerlerini kendileri belirleyebileceklerini hayal ederler ancak modernitenin bir sonucu olarak bedenlerinin ve kimliklerinin sembolik değişimde işaret tuzağına düşmesi, değerlerinin kendileri tarafından değil dış etkenler tarafından belirlenmesi durumunu nihayetinde kabullenmek durumunda kalırlar. Kendi hakimiyetlerini ifade etme çabalarında, işaretlerin politik ekonomisinde nesneleştirildikleri yani değişim sürecinde değerleri yalnızca sembolik ve sabit olarak yansıtıldığı için sadece tezlerinin yok olduğunu görürler.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Meta Fetişizm Güzellik Sembolik Değişim Kullanım Değeri Değişim Değeri
Kaynakça
- Baudrillard, J. (1981). For a critique of the political economy of the sign. St. Lois: Telos Press.
- Baudrillard, J. (1993). Symbolic exchange and death. I. H. Grant, (Trans.) London: Sage.
- Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. S. Glaser, & A. Arbor, (Trans.) Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
- Baudrillard, J. (1998). The consumer society. (C. Turner, Trans.) London: Sage.
- Berniéres, L. (2004). Birds without wings. London: Vintage War.
- Freud, S. (1977). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In S. Freud, On Sexuality. Middlesex: Penguin Books.
- Gammam, L., & Makinen, M. (1994). Female fetishism: A new look. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
- Gane, M. (1991). Baudrillard's bestiary: Baudrillard and culture. London and New York: Routledge.
- Gerofsky, S. (2010). The impossibility of ‘real-life’ word problems (According to Bakhtin, Zizek and Baudrillard), Discourse Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 31(1), 61-73.
- Golban, T. (2015). The apocalypse myth in Louis de Bernières’ novel Birds Without Wings: Rustem Bey and an individual apocalyptic experience in the Kierkegaardian frame, The Annals of Ovidius University of Constanta – the Philology Series, XXVI (1), 44-52.
- Golban, T., and Akkaş, N. (2017). The recreation of beauty as revealed in the postmodern novel Birds Without Wings by Louis de Berniéres, Journal of Awareness, Volume 2, Special Issue, 31-46.
- Marx, K. (1976). Capital (Vol. 1). Middlesex: Penguin Books.
- Toffoletti, K. (2011). Baudrillard eframed: Interpreting key thinkers for the arts (Contemporary thinkers reframed) New York: I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd.
- Zander, P-O. (2014). Baudrillard’s theory of value: a baby in marxist bath water?, Rethinking Marxism, 26 (3), 382-397.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Eylül 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 13 Mayıs 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3 |