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‘A REPEATING WORLD’: A READING OF THE CYCLICALITY OF VIOLENCE IN WINTERSON’S THE STONE GODS THROUGH A NIETZSCHEAN FRAMEWORK

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 923 - 934, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1078701

Öz

The cyclical nature of the human experience has been widely discussed through the cynical mind-set of the postmodern era. Jeanette Winterson’s 2007 novel, The Stone Gods, stands out as one of the texts that revolve around this pessimistic discussion concerning the cyclical and repetitive nature of the human condition and history. Besides the implication of this never-ending cycle of the human experience as part of the action of the narrative, the repeating appearance of the certain parts of an old book throughout the narrative also resonates the fact that history as a narrative keeps repeating itself. In this respect, the circular or rather spiral nature of historical progress is highlighted through a fictional intertextuality. Winterson’s novel also epitomizes the Deleuzean control society and various forms of violence as the central concept around which the repeating pattern of human behaviour revolves. In this context, the article aims to discuss how control and violence as the central concepts of the novel are represented in a variety of ways, ranging from the anthropocentric violence that is directed towards nature, to systemic violence that the individuals are subjected to by institutional structures in the light of Nietzsche’s argument on the immanent violence of human nature and his concepts of will to power and the overman, which is exceptionally represented as the artificial intelligence.

Kaynakça

  • Arvay, Emily. (2020). Ecocide and Empire in Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods. Green Letters, 24 (3), 277-290.
  • Cooper, Angel. (2010). Domination, Individuality and Moral Chaos: Nietzsche’s Will to Power. Undergraduate Review, 5, 60-65.
  • Deleuze, Gilles. (1992). Postscript of the Societies of Control. October, 59, 3-7.
  • Dobrogoszcz, Tomasz. (2020). Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods as a Feminist Cyborg Story. Zagadnienia Rodzajow Literackich, LXIII (1), 11-20.
  • Jennings, Hope. (2010). ‘A Repeating World’: Redeeming the Past and Future in the Utopean Dystopia of Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods. Interdisciplinary Humanities, 27 (2), 132-146.
  • Jin, Zhang and Wand Weiwei. (2020). Rething the Boundary between the human and No-Human: Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods as a Transgression Experiment. International Journal of Liteature and Arts, 8 (2), 33-38.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich (1966)a. Beyond Good and Evil, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Vintage Books.
  • --- (2007)b. Thus Spoke Zarathustra. 3rd Ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • --- (2019)c. The Will to Power. trans. Anthony M. Lodovici. Mineola and New York: Dover Publications.
  • Patricio, Catarina. (2017). Cyberparks and Geoaesthetics: Reading Modern Technology after Niezsche. Enhancing Places Through Technology. Eds A. Zammit and T. Kenna. Lisbon: Edições Universitárias Lusófonas. 267-276.
  • Piezniazek, Pawel. (2019). The Concept of Violence in the Evolution of Nietzsche’s Thought. Eidos: A Journal for Philosophy of Culture, 3 (2), 13-25.
  • Podgajna, Patrycia. (2018). Trans/Post-Humansit Poetics in Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods. Roczniki Humanistyczne, LXVI (11), 87-97.
  • Rodzajow, Zagadnienia. (2020). Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods as a feminist Cyborg Story. Literakitch, LXIII (1), 11-20.
  • Weiss, Michaela. (2013). Jeanette Winterson’s Stone Gods as Trans-world and Trans-gender Dystopia. The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies 2013 Official Conference Proceedings, 185-193.
  • Winterson, Jeanette (2008). The Stone Gods. London: Penguin.
  • Yazgünoğlu, Kerim Can. (2016). Posthuman Meta(l)morphases in Jeanette Winterson’s Stone Gods. Ecozone, 7 (1), 144-160.

‘KENDİNİ TEKRAR EDEN BİR DÜNYA’: WINTERSON’UN TAŞ TANRILAR ADLI ROMANININ NIETZSCHECİ BİR OKUMASI

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 923 - 934, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1078701

Öz

İnsan deneyiminin döngüsel doğası postmodernizmin şüpheci bakış açısı çerçevesinde son zamanlarda yaygın bir biçimde tartışılan bir konu olmuştur. Jeanette Winterson’un 2007 yılında yayınlanan Taş Tanrılar adlı romanı da insan deneyiminin ve insanlık tarihinin döngüsel ve kendini tekrar eden bu niteliğine yönelik pessimist bir tartışmaya yer verir. İnsan deneyiminin bu sonu hiç gelmeyen döngüselliğinin metnin olay örgüsünün bir parçası olarak vurgulanmasının yanı sıra, anlatı boyunca çok eski bir metnin belli başlı bölümlerinin tekrar tekrar ortaya çıkması da tarihin bir bir kurgu olarak kendi kendini tekrar etmeye devam ettiğinin altını çizer. Dolayısıyla metin, bu kurgusal metinlerarasılık üzerinden tarihin ilerleyişinin döngüsel ya da daha ziyade spiral doğasını gözler önüne serer. Winterson’un romanı aynı zamanda bu döngüselliğin merkezine koyduğu Deleuzecü konrol toplumu kavramını ve farklı şiddet formlarını tartışmaya açması açısından da dikkat çeker. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma, metnin merkezi kavramlarından biri olan control ve şiddet kavramlarını, insan-merkezli bakış açıları sebebiyle doğaya yöneltilen antroposantrik şiddetten, kurumsal yapıların bireyi maruz biraktığı sistemik şiddete uzanan çeşitli bağlamlarda nasıl tartışmaya açtığını Nietzsche’nin şiddetin insan doğasına içkin bir nitelik olduğuna yönelik iddiası ve onun güç istenci ve sıradışı bir şekilde yapay zeka olarak temsil edilmiş olan üstinsan kavramları ışığında irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Arvay, Emily. (2020). Ecocide and Empire in Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods. Green Letters, 24 (3), 277-290.
  • Cooper, Angel. (2010). Domination, Individuality and Moral Chaos: Nietzsche’s Will to Power. Undergraduate Review, 5, 60-65.
  • Deleuze, Gilles. (1992). Postscript of the Societies of Control. October, 59, 3-7.
  • Dobrogoszcz, Tomasz. (2020). Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods as a Feminist Cyborg Story. Zagadnienia Rodzajow Literackich, LXIII (1), 11-20.
  • Jennings, Hope. (2010). ‘A Repeating World’: Redeeming the Past and Future in the Utopean Dystopia of Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods. Interdisciplinary Humanities, 27 (2), 132-146.
  • Jin, Zhang and Wand Weiwei. (2020). Rething the Boundary between the human and No-Human: Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods as a Transgression Experiment. International Journal of Liteature and Arts, 8 (2), 33-38.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich (1966)a. Beyond Good and Evil, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Vintage Books.
  • --- (2007)b. Thus Spoke Zarathustra. 3rd Ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • --- (2019)c. The Will to Power. trans. Anthony M. Lodovici. Mineola and New York: Dover Publications.
  • Patricio, Catarina. (2017). Cyberparks and Geoaesthetics: Reading Modern Technology after Niezsche. Enhancing Places Through Technology. Eds A. Zammit and T. Kenna. Lisbon: Edições Universitárias Lusófonas. 267-276.
  • Piezniazek, Pawel. (2019). The Concept of Violence in the Evolution of Nietzsche’s Thought. Eidos: A Journal for Philosophy of Culture, 3 (2), 13-25.
  • Podgajna, Patrycia. (2018). Trans/Post-Humansit Poetics in Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods. Roczniki Humanistyczne, LXVI (11), 87-97.
  • Rodzajow, Zagadnienia. (2020). Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods as a feminist Cyborg Story. Literakitch, LXIII (1), 11-20.
  • Weiss, Michaela. (2013). Jeanette Winterson’s Stone Gods as Trans-world and Trans-gender Dystopia. The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies 2013 Official Conference Proceedings, 185-193.
  • Winterson, Jeanette (2008). The Stone Gods. London: Penguin.
  • Yazgünoğlu, Kerim Can. (2016). Posthuman Meta(l)morphases in Jeanette Winterson’s Stone Gods. Ecozone, 7 (1), 144-160.
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mahinur Akşehir 0000-0002-5284-0365

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Akşehir, M. (2022). ‘A REPEATING WORLD’: A READING OF THE CYCLICALITY OF VIOLENCE IN WINTERSON’S THE STONE GODS THROUGH A NIETZSCHEAN FRAMEWORK. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(3), 923-934. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1078701