Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

THE IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICIES ON THE PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION IN TURKEY: AN IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE 1999-2022 PERIOD

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 1629 - 1646, 20.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1355745

Öz

Corruption has an important role in many economic, political and social problems all over the world. Studies on this subject reveal the negative consequences of corruption both theoretically and empirically. On the other hand, it is also possible that effective economic policy instruments can lead to successful results in the fight against corruption. However, when determining these policies, it is important to consider the impact of the level of development of countries on the perception of corruption and to develop instruments to combat corruption accordingly. This study empirically tests the impact of fiscal policy instruments on the perception of corruption in Turkey and aims to identify the policies that should be prioritised in the fight against corruption. In the study, the effect of public expenditures, tax burden, borrowing, per capita growth and unemployment indicators on the corruption perception index between 1999 and 2022 is estimated by the least squares method. According to the empirical findings of the study, public expenditures, policies to reduce unemployment and the increase in GDP per capita have a positive effect on the perception of corruption. On the other hand, tax burden and borrowing have no effect on the perception of corruption.

Kaynakça

  • Abu, N., & Staniewski, M. W. (2019). Determinants of Corruption in Nigeria: Evidence from Various Estimation Techniques. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 32, 3058-3082.
  • Berksoy, T., & Yıldırım, N. E. (2017). Yolsuzluk Kavramına Genel Bir Bakış: Problemler ve Çözüm Önerileri. Journal of Awareness, 2 (1), 1-18.
  • Beyaert, A., García-Solanes, J. & Lopez-Gomez, L. (2023). Corruption, quality of institutions and growth. Applied Economic Analysis, 31 (91), 55-72.
  • Bouzid, B. N. (2016). Dynamic relationship between corruption and youth unemployment: empirical evidences from a system GMM approach. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 7842.
  • Cooray, A., Dzhumashev, R., & Schneider, F. (2017). How does corruption affect public debt? An empirical analysis. World Development, 90, 115-127.
  • De Vaal, A., & Ebben, W. (2011). Institutions and the relation between corruption and economic growth. Review of Development Economics, 15 (1), 108-123.
  • Delavallade, C. (2006). Corruption and distribution of public spending in developing countries. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30 (2), 222-239.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American statistical association, 74 (366a), 427-431.
  • Drury, A. C., Krieckhaus, J., & Lusztig, M. (2006). Corruption, democracy, and economic growth. International Political Science Review, 27 (2), 121-136.
  • Efeoğlu, R., Azgün, S., & Emsen, Ö. S. (2020). Makroekonomik performans göstergelerinin yolsuzluğa etkisi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9 (3), 2116-2137.
  • Elbahnasawy, N. G., & Revier, C. F. (2012). The determinants of corruption: Cross‐country‐panel‐data analysis. The Developing Economies, 50 (4), 311-333.
  • Erkal, G., Akıncı, M., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2014). Yolsuzluk ve İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi: OECD VE AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Sınır Testi Analizi. Sayıştay Dergisi, (92), 143-162.
  • Faure, P. (2011). Public debt accumulation and institutional quality: can corruption improve welfare? Economics Bulletin, 31 (1), 17-28.
  • Fuller, G. H. (1976). Nuclear spins and moments. Journal of physical and chemical reference data, 5 (4), 835-1092.
  • Ghaniy, N., & Hastiadi, F. F. (2017). Political, social and economic determinants of corruption. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7 (4), 144-149.
  • Ghosh, S., & Neanidis, K. C. (2017). Corruption, fiscal policy, and growth: a unified approach. The BE Journal of Macroeconomics, 17 (2).
  • Ghura, M. D. (1998). Tax revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects of economic policies and corruption. International Monetary Fund.
  • Giray, F. (2011). Yolsuzluk ve Yolsuzluğun Vergi Yapısı Üzerine Etkileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, (32), 111-137.
  • Gujarati, D. N. & Porter, D. J. (2012). Temel Ekonometri. Ankara: Literatür Yayıncılık
  • Ivanyna, M., A. Mourmouras, and P. Rangazas (2015). Corruption, Public Debt, Economic Growth. Unpublished Manuscript, Michigan State University.
  • Ivanyna, M., A. Mourmouras, and P. Rangazas (2016). The Culture of Corruption, Tax Evasion, and Economic Growth. Economic Inquiry, 54 (1), 520-542.
  • Knack, S., & Azfar, O. (2003). Trade intensity, country size and corruption. Economics of Governance, 4, 1-18.
  • Lederman, D., Loayza, N. V., & Soares, R. R. (2005). Accountability and corruption: Political institutions matter. Economics & Politics, 17 (1), 1-35.
  • Mauro, P. (1998). Corruption and the composition of government expenditure. Journal of Public economics, 69 (2), 263-279.
  • Oral, B. G., & Sayın, F. (2009). Mali yolsuzluğun yansımaları: Türkiye için eşbütünleşme analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları, Prof. Dr. Şerafettin Aksoy'a Armağan, 141, 176.
  • Oueghlissi, R., & Derbali, A. (2023). Democracy, corruption and unemployment: Empirical evidence from developing countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-22.
  • Park, H. (2003). Determinants of corruption: A cross‐national analysis. Multinational Business Review, 11 (2), 29-48.
  • Saha, S., Mallik, G. and Vortelinos, D. (2017), Does corruption facilitate growth? A cross-national study in a non-linear framework. South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance, 6 (2), 178-193.
  • Sedgo, H., & Omgba, L. D. (2023). Corruption and distortion of public expenditures: evidence from Africa. International Tax and Public Finance, 30(2), 419-452.
  • Serra, D. (2006). Empirical determinants of corruption: A sensitivity analysis. Public Choice, 126 (1-2), 225-256.
  • Shabbir, G., & Anwar, M. (2007). Determinants of corruption in developing countries. The Pakistan Development Review, 751-764.
  • Shleifer, A. and R.W. Vishny (1993). Corruption. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, 599-617.
  • Şahbaz, A., Aylin, K. O. Ç., & Ata, A. Y. (2013). Yolsuzluk ve kamu borcu ilişkisi: AB ülkeleri üzerine ampirik bir inceleme. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 13 (26), 205-219.
  • Tanzi, V. (1998), Corruption Around The World: Causes, Consequences, Scope and Cures, IMF Working Paper, 1-39.
  • Tanzi, V. ve H. Davoodi (1997), Corruption, Public Investment, and Growth. IMF Working Paper, 97 (139) Ekim.
  • Tanzi, V., & Davoodi, H. R. (2000). Corruption, growth, and public finances. IMF Working Paper, 1-28.
  • The World Bank. (2020). AntiCorruption Fact Sheet. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2020/02/19/anticorruption-fact-sheet#:~:text=Corruption—the%20abuse%20of%20public,to%20theft%20of%20public%20funds.
  • Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı (TEPAV). (2006). Bir Olgu Olarak Yolsuzluk: Nedenler, Etkiler ve Çözüm Önerileri, Ankara http://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1313475413- 4.Bir_Olgu_Olarak_Yolsuzluk_Nedenler__Etkiler__Cozum_Onerileri.pdf.
  • Yılancı, C. T., & Şaşmaz, M. Ü. (2023). The Effect of Corruption on the Tax Revenues: Case of EU Transition Economies. İstatistik Araştırma Dergisi, 13 (1), 73-84.

TÜRKİYE’DE MALİYE POLİTİKALARININ YOLSUZLUK ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: 1999-2022 DÖNEMİ İÇİN BİR UYGULAMA

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 1629 - 1646, 20.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1355745

Öz

Tüm dünyada ekonomik, politik ve sosyal sorunların pek çoğunda yolsuzluğun önemli bir payı vardır. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar, yolsuzluğun yarattığı olumsuz sonuçları hem teorik hem de ampirik düzeyde ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Öte yandan, etkili bir şekilde kullanılacak ekonomi politikası araçlarının yolsuzlukla mücadelede başarılı sonuçlar doğurması da olasıdır. Ancak bu politikalar belirlenirken ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyinin yolsuzluk algısı üzerindeki etkisi ve bu doğrultuda mücadele araçları geliştirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışma, maliye politikası araçlarının yolsuzluk algısı üzerindeki etkisini Türkiye örneği üzerinden ampirik olarak sınamakta ve bu doğrultuda, yolsuzlukla mücadelede öncelik verilmesi gereken politikaları tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, 1999-2022 yılları arasında kamu harcamaları, vergi yükü, borçlanma, kişi başına düşen büyüme ve işsizlik göstergelerinin yolsuzluk algı endeksi üzerindeki etkisi en küçük kareler yöntemi ile tahmin edilmektedir. Çalışmanın ampirik bulgularına göre, kamu harcamaları, işsizliği azaltmaya yönelik politikalar ve kişi başına düşen GSYH’de meydana gelen artış yolsuzluk algısını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Vergi yükü ve borçlanmanın ise yolsuzluk algısı üzerinde herhangi bir etkisine rastlanmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abu, N., & Staniewski, M. W. (2019). Determinants of Corruption in Nigeria: Evidence from Various Estimation Techniques. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 32, 3058-3082.
  • Berksoy, T., & Yıldırım, N. E. (2017). Yolsuzluk Kavramına Genel Bir Bakış: Problemler ve Çözüm Önerileri. Journal of Awareness, 2 (1), 1-18.
  • Beyaert, A., García-Solanes, J. & Lopez-Gomez, L. (2023). Corruption, quality of institutions and growth. Applied Economic Analysis, 31 (91), 55-72.
  • Bouzid, B. N. (2016). Dynamic relationship between corruption and youth unemployment: empirical evidences from a system GMM approach. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 7842.
  • Cooray, A., Dzhumashev, R., & Schneider, F. (2017). How does corruption affect public debt? An empirical analysis. World Development, 90, 115-127.
  • De Vaal, A., & Ebben, W. (2011). Institutions and the relation between corruption and economic growth. Review of Development Economics, 15 (1), 108-123.
  • Delavallade, C. (2006). Corruption and distribution of public spending in developing countries. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30 (2), 222-239.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American statistical association, 74 (366a), 427-431.
  • Drury, A. C., Krieckhaus, J., & Lusztig, M. (2006). Corruption, democracy, and economic growth. International Political Science Review, 27 (2), 121-136.
  • Efeoğlu, R., Azgün, S., & Emsen, Ö. S. (2020). Makroekonomik performans göstergelerinin yolsuzluğa etkisi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9 (3), 2116-2137.
  • Elbahnasawy, N. G., & Revier, C. F. (2012). The determinants of corruption: Cross‐country‐panel‐data analysis. The Developing Economies, 50 (4), 311-333.
  • Erkal, G., Akıncı, M., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2014). Yolsuzluk ve İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi: OECD VE AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Sınır Testi Analizi. Sayıştay Dergisi, (92), 143-162.
  • Faure, P. (2011). Public debt accumulation and institutional quality: can corruption improve welfare? Economics Bulletin, 31 (1), 17-28.
  • Fuller, G. H. (1976). Nuclear spins and moments. Journal of physical and chemical reference data, 5 (4), 835-1092.
  • Ghaniy, N., & Hastiadi, F. F. (2017). Political, social and economic determinants of corruption. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7 (4), 144-149.
  • Ghosh, S., & Neanidis, K. C. (2017). Corruption, fiscal policy, and growth: a unified approach. The BE Journal of Macroeconomics, 17 (2).
  • Ghura, M. D. (1998). Tax revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects of economic policies and corruption. International Monetary Fund.
  • Giray, F. (2011). Yolsuzluk ve Yolsuzluğun Vergi Yapısı Üzerine Etkileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, (32), 111-137.
  • Gujarati, D. N. & Porter, D. J. (2012). Temel Ekonometri. Ankara: Literatür Yayıncılık
  • Ivanyna, M., A. Mourmouras, and P. Rangazas (2015). Corruption, Public Debt, Economic Growth. Unpublished Manuscript, Michigan State University.
  • Ivanyna, M., A. Mourmouras, and P. Rangazas (2016). The Culture of Corruption, Tax Evasion, and Economic Growth. Economic Inquiry, 54 (1), 520-542.
  • Knack, S., & Azfar, O. (2003). Trade intensity, country size and corruption. Economics of Governance, 4, 1-18.
  • Lederman, D., Loayza, N. V., & Soares, R. R. (2005). Accountability and corruption: Political institutions matter. Economics & Politics, 17 (1), 1-35.
  • Mauro, P. (1998). Corruption and the composition of government expenditure. Journal of Public economics, 69 (2), 263-279.
  • Oral, B. G., & Sayın, F. (2009). Mali yolsuzluğun yansımaları: Türkiye için eşbütünleşme analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları, Prof. Dr. Şerafettin Aksoy'a Armağan, 141, 176.
  • Oueghlissi, R., & Derbali, A. (2023). Democracy, corruption and unemployment: Empirical evidence from developing countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-22.
  • Park, H. (2003). Determinants of corruption: A cross‐national analysis. Multinational Business Review, 11 (2), 29-48.
  • Saha, S., Mallik, G. and Vortelinos, D. (2017), Does corruption facilitate growth? A cross-national study in a non-linear framework. South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance, 6 (2), 178-193.
  • Sedgo, H., & Omgba, L. D. (2023). Corruption and distortion of public expenditures: evidence from Africa. International Tax and Public Finance, 30(2), 419-452.
  • Serra, D. (2006). Empirical determinants of corruption: A sensitivity analysis. Public Choice, 126 (1-2), 225-256.
  • Shabbir, G., & Anwar, M. (2007). Determinants of corruption in developing countries. The Pakistan Development Review, 751-764.
  • Shleifer, A. and R.W. Vishny (1993). Corruption. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, 599-617.
  • Şahbaz, A., Aylin, K. O. Ç., & Ata, A. Y. (2013). Yolsuzluk ve kamu borcu ilişkisi: AB ülkeleri üzerine ampirik bir inceleme. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 13 (26), 205-219.
  • Tanzi, V. (1998), Corruption Around The World: Causes, Consequences, Scope and Cures, IMF Working Paper, 1-39.
  • Tanzi, V. ve H. Davoodi (1997), Corruption, Public Investment, and Growth. IMF Working Paper, 97 (139) Ekim.
  • Tanzi, V., & Davoodi, H. R. (2000). Corruption, growth, and public finances. IMF Working Paper, 1-28.
  • The World Bank. (2020). AntiCorruption Fact Sheet. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2020/02/19/anticorruption-fact-sheet#:~:text=Corruption—the%20abuse%20of%20public,to%20theft%20of%20public%20funds.
  • Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı (TEPAV). (2006). Bir Olgu Olarak Yolsuzluk: Nedenler, Etkiler ve Çözüm Önerileri, Ankara http://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1313475413- 4.Bir_Olgu_Olarak_Yolsuzluk_Nedenler__Etkiler__Cozum_Onerileri.pdf.
  • Yılancı, C. T., & Şaşmaz, M. Ü. (2023). The Effect of Corruption on the Tax Revenues: Case of EU Transition Economies. İstatistik Araştırma Dergisi, 13 (1), 73-84.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Makro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Eda Ünalan Karakuş 0000-0003-1447-1391

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünalan Karakuş, E. (2023). TÜRKİYE’DE MALİYE POLİTİKALARININ YOLSUZLUK ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: 1999-2022 DÖNEMİ İÇİN BİR UYGULAMA. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(4), 1629-1646. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1355745