Medicago sativa Bitkisinin Antioxidant Kapasitesinin Belirlenmesi
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 9 - 18, 30.03.2019
Deniz İrtem Kartal
,
Oktay Şayak
Öz
Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin çok eskiden beridir çeşitli alanlarda tedavi ve gıda amaçlı kullanımları oldukça yaygındır. Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler sağlığı sürdürmek ve vücutta oluşan hastalıkları iyileştirmek için ilaç olarak kullanılan bitkilerdir. Bu bitkilerde fitokimyasal bileşikler yaygın olarak bulunmaktadırlar. Aromatik bitkilerin yapılarında bulundurdukları bu bileşikler bitkinin antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu aromatik bitkilerin ülkemiz florasında oldukça fazla bulunması kullanımlarının da gün geçtikçe artmasını sağlamaktadır. Antioksidan etki gösteren fitokimyasal bileşikler en çok bitkinin yaprak ve çiçek kısımlarında bulunurlar. Bu çalışmada kullanılan Medicago sativa tıbbi ve aromatik bir bitki olup zengin fitokimyasal içeriği ile halk arasında tedavi edici ve gıda olarak oldukça sık kullanılmaktadır. Yanı sıra yüksek protein içeriğinden dolayı yem bitkisi olarak da bu türden faydanılmaktadır. M.sativa bitkisinin çiçek, gövde ve yaprak bölümlerinin su ekstreleri alınarak antioksidan aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Antioksidan aktiviteleri yapılan toplam fenol ve toplam flavonoid metodları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda en yüksek fenolik bileşik içeriği bitkinin gövdesinde 274.752 mg GAE/g olarak saptanmıştır. Total flavonoid içeriği kateşin eş değerine göre en yüksek bitkinin yaprağında 76.553 mg KE/g kuru ekstre iken kuersetin eş değerine göre en yüksek bitkinin yaprağında 453.340 mg QE/g kuru ekstre olarak belirlenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Akgül, A., ve Ayar, A. (1993). Yerli Baharatların Antioksidan Etkileri. J. Agric. For, 17, 1061-1069.
- Anonim, (2005). Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Working Group-ECP/GR
- Aydın, S. (2004). Anadolu Diyagonali: Ekolojik Kesinti Tarihsel-Kültürel Bir Farklılığa İşaret Edebilir Mi. Kebikeç İnsan Bilimleri İçin Kaynak Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17, 117-137.
- Bayram, E., Kırıcı, S., Tansı, S., Yılmaz, G., Kızıl, O. A. S., & Telci, İ. (2010). Tibbi Ve Aromatik Bitkiler Üretiminin Arttirilmasi Olanaklari. Tmmob Ziraat Mühendisleri Odasi, Ziraat Mühendisligi Vıı. Teknik Kongresi, 11-5.
- Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Yayını, 2. Baskı, 480s, İstanbul.
- Bora, K. S., & Sharma, A. (2011). Evaluation Of Antioxidant And Cerebroprotective Effect Of Medicago Sativa Linn. Against İschemia And Reperfusion İnsult. Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine, 2011.
- Burda, S., & Oleszek, W. (2001). Antioxidant And Antiradical Activities Of Flavonoids. Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry, 49(6), 2774-2779.
- Ceylan, A. (1995). .Tıbbi Bitkiler I. . E. Ü. Zir. Fak. Yayın No:312.
- Cocks, P. S. (2003). The Adaptation Of Perennial Legumes To Mediterranean Conditions. In New Perennial Legumes For Sustainable Agriculture (Pp. 35-54). UWA Publishing..
- Çakmak, Y. S., Zengin, G., Eskin, B., Yıldırım, K., Topal, M., Aydın, G. H., ... & Erten, K. (2017). Medicago Rigidula (L.) ALL.’Nın Antioksidan Ve Enzim İnhibisyon Aktiviteleri Ve Fenolik Bileşiminin İncelenmesi. Marmara Pharm. J, 21(3), 522-529.
- Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Vural, M., Duman, H., Aytaç, Z., & Adiguezel, N. (2000). Tuerkiye Bitkileri Kirmizi Kitabi (Egrelti Ve Tohumlu Bitkiler).
- Facciola, S. (1990). Cornucopia: A Source Book Of Edible Plants (No. BOOK). Kampong Publications.
- Farag, M. A., Huhman, D. V., Lei, Z., & Sumner, L. W. (2007). Metabolic Profiling And Systematic İdentification Of Flavonoids And İsoflavonoids İn Roots And Cell Suspension Cultures Of Medicago Truncatula Using HPLC–UV–ESI–MS And GC–MS. Phytochemistry, 68(3), 342-354.
- Hanif MA, Al-Maskari AY, Al-Sabahi JN, Al-Hdhrami I, Khan MM, Al-Azkawi A, Hussain AI. Chemical Characterisation Of Bioactive Compounds İn Medicago Sativa Growing İn The Desert Of Oman. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29: 2332-5.
- Jacobs, A., Wegewitz, U., Sommerfeld, C., Grossklaus, R., & Lampen, A. (2009). Efficacy Of İsoflavones İn Relieving Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms–A Systematic Review. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 53(9), 1084-1097.
- Javanmardi, J., Stushnoff, C., Locke, E., & Vivanco, J. M. (2003). Antioxidant Activity And Total Phenolic Content Of Iranian Ocimum Accessions. Food Chemistry, 83(4), 547-550.
- Javid, T., Adnan, M., Tariq, A., Akhtar, B., Ullah, R., & El Salam, N. A. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of three medicinal plants (Artemisia indica, Medicago falcate and Tecoma stans). African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 12(3), 91-96.
- Jian, L. (2009). Soy, isoflavones, and prostate cancer. Molecular nutrition & food research, 53(2), 217-226.
- Kähkönen, M. P., Hopia, A. I., Vuorela, H. J., Rauha, J. P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T. S., & Heinonen, M. (1999). Antioxidant Activity Of Plant Extracts Containing Phenolic Compounds. Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry, 47(10), 3954-3962.
- Kicel, A. ve Olszewska, MA (2015). Medicago lupulina hava parçalarının ham ekstraktında ve kuru fraksiyonlarında antioksidan aktivitenin değerlendirilmesi ve flavonoidlerin, saponinlerin ve fenollerin kantitatif tahmini. Doğal ürün iletişimi , 10 (3), 1934578X1501000326.
- Koschuh, W., Povoden, G., Thang, V. H., Kromus, S., Kulbe, K. D., Novalin, S., & Krotscheck, C. (2004). Production Of Leaf Protein Concentrate From Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne X Multiflorum) And Alfalfa (Medicago Sauva Subsp. Sativa). Comparison Between Heat Coagulation/Centrifugation And Ultrafiltration. Desalination, 163(1-3), 253-259.
- Krakowska, A., Rafińska, K., Walczak, J., & Buszewski, B. (2018). Enzyme-Assisted Optimized Supercritical Fluid Extraction To İmprove Medicago Sativa Polyphenolics İsolation. Industrial Crops And Products, 124, 931-940.
- Kumar, S. A. (2009). Plants-Based Medicines İn India. Retrieved İn February, 15, 2013.
Mortensen, A., Kulling, S. E., Schwartz, H., Rowland, I., Ruefer, C. E., Rimbach, G., ... & Kramer Birkved, F. (2009). Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects. Molecular nutrition & food research, 53(S2), S266-S309.
- Pan, W. C. (2015). Main Composition Of Alfalfa And İts Application İn Animal Husbandry. J. Tradit. Chin. Vet. Med, 34, 73-77.
- Rana, M. G., Katbamna, R. V., Padhya, A. A., Dudhrejiya, A. D., Jivani, N. P., & Sheth, N. R. (2010). In Vitro Antioxidant And Free Radical Scavenging Studies Of Alcoholic Extract Of Medicago Sativa L. Romanian Journal Of Biology-Plant Biology, 55(1), 15-22.
- Sabudak, T., & Guler, N. (2009). Trifolium L.–a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 23(3), 439-446.
- Selvan, A. T., Prithvi, S., Suthakaran, S., Ravali, R., Kumar, G. M., & Ravali, R. (2014). Anxiolytic Effect Of Medicine Of Medicago Sativa Seeds Extract On Rodents. Indo Am. J. Pharm. Res, 4, 406-415.
- Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis Of Total Phenols And Other Oxidation Substrates And Antioxidants By Means Of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Methods İn Enzymology. P. Lester, Academic Press. Vol. 299, Pp. 152-178.
- Škerget, M., Kotnik, P., Hadolin, M., Hraš, A. R., Simonič, M., & Knez, Ž. (2005). Phenols, Proanthocyanidins, Flavones And Flavonols İn Some Plant Materials And Their Antioxidant Activities. Food Chemistry, 89(2), 191-198.
- Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Kanser Daire Başkanlığı, (2014).
- World Cancer Report,(2014)
- Yildiz, F. (2005). Phytoestrogens İn Functional Foods. CRC Press.
- Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The Determination Of Flavonoid Contents İn Mulberry And Their Scavenging Effects On Superoxide Radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559.
- Wu, J., & Muir, A. D. (2008). Isoflavone content and its potential contribution to the antihypertensive activity in soybean angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 56(21), 9899-9904.
Determination of Antioxidant Capacity of Medicago sativa
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 9 - 18, 30.03.2019
Deniz İrtem Kartal
,
Oktay Şayak
Öz
Medicinal and aromatic plants are widely used for treatment and food use in various fields. These plants are used as medicines to protect health and treat diseases in the body. Phytochemical compounds are commonly found in these plants and these compounds in the structure of aromatic plants indicate that the plant has antioxidant activity. The presence of these aromatic plants in the flora of our country increases its use day bay day. Phytochemical compounds exhibiting antioxidant effect are mostly found in the leaves and flower parts of the plant. Medicago sativa used in this study is a medicinal and aromatic plant with its rich phytochemical content and is widely used as a therapeutic and food among the public. In addition it is used as forage plant due to its high protein content. Water extracts of plant parts of M.sativa were investigated and antioxidant activities were observed. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using total phenol and total flavonoid methods. The highest phenolic compound content was 274.752 mg GAE/g dried extract in the body of the plant. The total flavonoid content was found to be 76.553 mg KE/g dried extract in the leaf of the highest plant according to catechin equavalent and 453.340 mg QE/g dried extract in the leaf of the highest plant according to quercetin equavalent.
Kaynakça
- Akgül, A., ve Ayar, A. (1993). Yerli Baharatların Antioksidan Etkileri. J. Agric. For, 17, 1061-1069.
- Anonim, (2005). Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Working Group-ECP/GR
- Aydın, S. (2004). Anadolu Diyagonali: Ekolojik Kesinti Tarihsel-Kültürel Bir Farklılığa İşaret Edebilir Mi. Kebikeç İnsan Bilimleri İçin Kaynak Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17, 117-137.
- Bayram, E., Kırıcı, S., Tansı, S., Yılmaz, G., Kızıl, O. A. S., & Telci, İ. (2010). Tibbi Ve Aromatik Bitkiler Üretiminin Arttirilmasi Olanaklari. Tmmob Ziraat Mühendisleri Odasi, Ziraat Mühendisligi Vıı. Teknik Kongresi, 11-5.
- Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Yayını, 2. Baskı, 480s, İstanbul.
- Bora, K. S., & Sharma, A. (2011). Evaluation Of Antioxidant And Cerebroprotective Effect Of Medicago Sativa Linn. Against İschemia And Reperfusion İnsult. Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine, 2011.
- Burda, S., & Oleszek, W. (2001). Antioxidant And Antiradical Activities Of Flavonoids. Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry, 49(6), 2774-2779.
- Ceylan, A. (1995). .Tıbbi Bitkiler I. . E. Ü. Zir. Fak. Yayın No:312.
- Cocks, P. S. (2003). The Adaptation Of Perennial Legumes To Mediterranean Conditions. In New Perennial Legumes For Sustainable Agriculture (Pp. 35-54). UWA Publishing..
- Çakmak, Y. S., Zengin, G., Eskin, B., Yıldırım, K., Topal, M., Aydın, G. H., ... & Erten, K. (2017). Medicago Rigidula (L.) ALL.’Nın Antioksidan Ve Enzim İnhibisyon Aktiviteleri Ve Fenolik Bileşiminin İncelenmesi. Marmara Pharm. J, 21(3), 522-529.
- Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Vural, M., Duman, H., Aytaç, Z., & Adiguezel, N. (2000). Tuerkiye Bitkileri Kirmizi Kitabi (Egrelti Ve Tohumlu Bitkiler).
- Facciola, S. (1990). Cornucopia: A Source Book Of Edible Plants (No. BOOK). Kampong Publications.
- Farag, M. A., Huhman, D. V., Lei, Z., & Sumner, L. W. (2007). Metabolic Profiling And Systematic İdentification Of Flavonoids And İsoflavonoids İn Roots And Cell Suspension Cultures Of Medicago Truncatula Using HPLC–UV–ESI–MS And GC–MS. Phytochemistry, 68(3), 342-354.
- Hanif MA, Al-Maskari AY, Al-Sabahi JN, Al-Hdhrami I, Khan MM, Al-Azkawi A, Hussain AI. Chemical Characterisation Of Bioactive Compounds İn Medicago Sativa Growing İn The Desert Of Oman. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29: 2332-5.
- Jacobs, A., Wegewitz, U., Sommerfeld, C., Grossklaus, R., & Lampen, A. (2009). Efficacy Of İsoflavones İn Relieving Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms–A Systematic Review. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 53(9), 1084-1097.
- Javanmardi, J., Stushnoff, C., Locke, E., & Vivanco, J. M. (2003). Antioxidant Activity And Total Phenolic Content Of Iranian Ocimum Accessions. Food Chemistry, 83(4), 547-550.
- Javid, T., Adnan, M., Tariq, A., Akhtar, B., Ullah, R., & El Salam, N. A. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of three medicinal plants (Artemisia indica, Medicago falcate and Tecoma stans). African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 12(3), 91-96.
- Jian, L. (2009). Soy, isoflavones, and prostate cancer. Molecular nutrition & food research, 53(2), 217-226.
- Kähkönen, M. P., Hopia, A. I., Vuorela, H. J., Rauha, J. P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T. S., & Heinonen, M. (1999). Antioxidant Activity Of Plant Extracts Containing Phenolic Compounds. Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry, 47(10), 3954-3962.
- Kicel, A. ve Olszewska, MA (2015). Medicago lupulina hava parçalarının ham ekstraktında ve kuru fraksiyonlarında antioksidan aktivitenin değerlendirilmesi ve flavonoidlerin, saponinlerin ve fenollerin kantitatif tahmini. Doğal ürün iletişimi , 10 (3), 1934578X1501000326.
- Koschuh, W., Povoden, G., Thang, V. H., Kromus, S., Kulbe, K. D., Novalin, S., & Krotscheck, C. (2004). Production Of Leaf Protein Concentrate From Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne X Multiflorum) And Alfalfa (Medicago Sauva Subsp. Sativa). Comparison Between Heat Coagulation/Centrifugation And Ultrafiltration. Desalination, 163(1-3), 253-259.
- Krakowska, A., Rafińska, K., Walczak, J., & Buszewski, B. (2018). Enzyme-Assisted Optimized Supercritical Fluid Extraction To İmprove Medicago Sativa Polyphenolics İsolation. Industrial Crops And Products, 124, 931-940.
- Kumar, S. A. (2009). Plants-Based Medicines İn India. Retrieved İn February, 15, 2013.
Mortensen, A., Kulling, S. E., Schwartz, H., Rowland, I., Ruefer, C. E., Rimbach, G., ... & Kramer Birkved, F. (2009). Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects. Molecular nutrition & food research, 53(S2), S266-S309.
- Pan, W. C. (2015). Main Composition Of Alfalfa And İts Application İn Animal Husbandry. J. Tradit. Chin. Vet. Med, 34, 73-77.
- Rana, M. G., Katbamna, R. V., Padhya, A. A., Dudhrejiya, A. D., Jivani, N. P., & Sheth, N. R. (2010). In Vitro Antioxidant And Free Radical Scavenging Studies Of Alcoholic Extract Of Medicago Sativa L. Romanian Journal Of Biology-Plant Biology, 55(1), 15-22.
- Sabudak, T., & Guler, N. (2009). Trifolium L.–a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 23(3), 439-446.
- Selvan, A. T., Prithvi, S., Suthakaran, S., Ravali, R., Kumar, G. M., & Ravali, R. (2014). Anxiolytic Effect Of Medicine Of Medicago Sativa Seeds Extract On Rodents. Indo Am. J. Pharm. Res, 4, 406-415.
- Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis Of Total Phenols And Other Oxidation Substrates And Antioxidants By Means Of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Methods İn Enzymology. P. Lester, Academic Press. Vol. 299, Pp. 152-178.
- Škerget, M., Kotnik, P., Hadolin, M., Hraš, A. R., Simonič, M., & Knez, Ž. (2005). Phenols, Proanthocyanidins, Flavones And Flavonols İn Some Plant Materials And Their Antioxidant Activities. Food Chemistry, 89(2), 191-198.
- Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Kanser Daire Başkanlığı, (2014).
- World Cancer Report,(2014)
- Yildiz, F. (2005). Phytoestrogens İn Functional Foods. CRC Press.
- Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The Determination Of Flavonoid Contents İn Mulberry And Their Scavenging Effects On Superoxide Radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559.
- Wu, J., & Muir, A. D. (2008). Isoflavone content and its potential contribution to the antihypertensive activity in soybean angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 56(21), 9899-9904.