INVESTIGATION OF DAILY STEP COUNTS WITH PEDOMETER PROGRAMS INSTALLED ON THE SMART MOBILE PHONES OF HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS

Öz

It is aimed to determine the average daily step counts of young adults with the pedometer programs installed on the smart mobile phones and to investigate the relationship between the step counts and various variables. The data of a total of 182 the participants, 52 (28.6%) male and 130 (71.4%) female, were evaluated. Participants were provided to install SHealth, iPhone Health or Pedometer pedometer program on their phones. The data were collected in May 2018 with the data form prepared by the researcher. Since the data did not show a normal distribution, analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between independent groups and the Chi-Square test for cross-table comparisons. As a result of the research; The mean daily step counts were recorded as 7598 (Sd:±3092) for all participants, 9445 (Sd:±2909) for men and 6860 (Sd:±2853) for women. Men's step counts was statistically higher than women's (p<.001). It was determined that 9.6% of male and 41.5% of female had an average daily step count below 6000. 38.5% of males and 13.1% of females had at least 10000 steps recommended by the World Health Organization. The most active period of the day was determined as 12.00-17.59 hours with 61.3% of the students. No relationship was found between the frequency of follow-up the pedometer program and the average daily step count (p>.05). Due to the widespread use of smart mobile phones, objective data about the physical activity levels of groups or individuals can be obtained by using the installed pedometer programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Physical Activity
• Smart Cell Phone
• Step Count
• Young Adult

SAĞLIKLI GENÇ YETİŞKİNLERİN AKILLI MOBİL TELEFONLARINDA YÜKLÜ ADIMSAYAR PROGRAMLARI İLE GÜNLÜK ADIM SAYILARININ İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Akıllı mobil telefonlarda yüklü adımsayar programları ile genç yetişkin ortalama günlük adım sayılarının belirlenmesi ve adım sayısının çeşitli değişkenlerle ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Katılımcıların 52’si (%28.6) erkek ve 130’u (%71.4) kadın olmak üzere toplam 182 kişinin verisi değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların telefonlarına SHealth, IPhone Sağlık veya Pedometre adımsayar programı yüklemeleri sağlandı. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan veri formu ile veriler Mayıs 2018’de toplandı. Veriler normal dağılım göstermediğinden bağımsız gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda Mann-Whitney U testi ve çapraz tablo karşılaştırmalarında Chi-Square testi ile analiz yapıldı. Araştırma sonucunda; ortalama günlük adım sayıları, tüm katılımcılarda 7598 (Sd:±3092), erkeklerde 9445 (Sd:±2909) ve kadınlarda 6860 (Sd:±2853) olarak kaydedildi. Erkeklerin adım sayısı istatistiksel olarak kadınlardan fazla bulundu (p<.01). Erkeklerin %9,6’sı ve kadınların %41,5’i ortalama günlük adım sayısı 6000’in altında olduğu tespit edildi. Erkeklerin %38,5’i ve kadınların %13,1’ ise Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün önerdiği günlük en az 10000 adım sayısına sahip olduğu görüldü. Öğrencilerin en aktif oldukları gün içi saat periyodu %61,3 ile 12.00-17.59 saat aralığı olarak tespit edildi. Adımsayar programını takip sıklığı ile ortalama günlük adım sayısı arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamadı (p>.05). Yaygınlaşan akıllı mobil telefon kullanımı dolayısıyla yüklü adımsayar programları ile bireylerin veya grupların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri hakkında objektif veriler elde edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adım Sayısı
• Akıllı Cep Telefonu
• Fiziksel Aktivite
• Genç Yetişkin

Kaynakça

1. Baker, P.R.A., Dobbins, M., Soares, J., Francis, D.P., Weightman, A.L. & Costello, J.T. (2015). Public health interventions for increasing physical activity in children, adolescents and adults: An overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1. Art. No: CD011454 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011454
2. Pruimboom, L., Raison, C. L., & Muskiet, F.A. (2015). Physical Activity Protects the Human Brain against Metabolic Stress Induced by a Postprandial and Chronic Inflammation. Behavioural neurology, 2015, 569869. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/569869
3. Kirwan, M., Duncan, M.J., Vandelanotte, C., & Mummery, W.K. (2012). Using smartphone technology to monitor physical activity in the 10,000 steps program: A matched case-control trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(2), e55. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1950
4. Bort-Roig, J., Gilson, N.D., Puig-Ribera, A., Contreras, R.S., & Trost, S.G. (2014). Measuring and influencing physical activity with smartphone technology: a systematic review. Sports medicine, 44(5), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0142-5
5. Fitzgerald, M., & McClelland, T. (2017). What makes a mobile app successful in supporting health behaviour change? Health Education Journal, 76(3), 373–381. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896916681179
6. Klasnja, P., & Pratt, W. (2012). Healthcare in the pocket: Mapping the space of mobile-phone health interventions. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 45(1), 184–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2011.08.017
7. Leong, J.Y., & Wong, J.E. (2017). Accuracy of three android-based pedometer applications in laboratory and free-living settings. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1154592
8. Tudor-Locke, C.E., & Myers, A.M. (2001). Challenges and opportunities for measuring physical activity in sedentary adults. Sports Medicine, 31, 91–100. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131020-00002

9. Samsung, (2021). [cited 27.08.2021]; Available from: https://www.samsung.com/us/support/owners/app/samsung-health
10. Google Play, (2021). [cited 27.08.2021]; Available from: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sec.android.app.shealth&rdid=com.sec.android.app.shealth
11. Apple Apps, (2021). [cited 27.08.2021]; Available from: https://apps.apple.com/app/samsunghealth/id1224541484
12. Apple, (2021). [cited 27.08.2021]; Available from: https://www.apple.com/tr/
13. Leap, (2021). [cited 27.08.2021]; Available from: https://leap.app/
14. Smith, L., Hamer, M., Ucci, M. et al. (2015). Weekday and weekend patterns of objectively measured sitting, standing, and stepping in a sample of office-based workers: The active buildings study. BMC Public Health, 15, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-014-1338-1
15. WHO Expert Consultation, (2004). Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet (London, England), 363(9403), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
16. Yıldız, M.E., & Kara, E. (2020). Testing the step count with S Health pedometer program installed on smart mobile phones, Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 22(1). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunibesyo/issue/53142/616000
17. Can, S. (2019). Sedentary behavior, number of steps and health, Turk J Sports Med, 54(1), 71-82. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjsm.2019.118
18. Walsh, J.C., Corbett, T., Hogan, M., Duggan, J., & McNamara, A. (2016). An mHealth intervention using a smartphone app to increase walking behavior in young adults: A pilot study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 4(3), e109. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.5227
19. Glynn L.G, Hayes, P.S., Casey, M., Glynn, F., Alvarez-Iglesias A., Newell, J., et al. (2014). Effectiveness of a smartphone application to promote physical activity in primary care: the SMART MOVE randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract, Jul;64(624):e384-e391 https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp14X680461
20. Thomson, N. K., McMichan, L., Macrae, E., Baker, J., Muggeridge, D., & Easton, C. (2019). The accuracy of a smartphone to measure laboratory and free-living physical activity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 51(6), 372-373. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000561617.46894.ed
21. Funk, M.D., Salazar, M.L., Martinez, M., Gonzalez, J., Leyva, P., Bassett D., & Karabulut, M. (2018). Validity of smartphone applications at measuring steps does wear location matter. Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour, 2(1): 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2018-0025
22. Statista, (2017). Average number of steps people in select countries worldwide took per day as of 2017. [cited 27.08.2021]; Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/747380/daily-step-averages-select-countries-worldwide/
23. Choi, B.C., Pak, A.W., Choi, J.C., & Choi, E.C. (2007). Daily step goal of 10,000 steps: A literature review. Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine Clinique et Experimentale, 30(3), E146–E151. https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i3.1083
24. Wallace, L.S., Buckworth, J., Kirby, T.E., & Sherman, W.M. (2000). Characteristics of exercise behavior among college students: application of social cognitive theory to predicting stage of change. Preventive Medicine, 31(5), 494–505. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0736
25. Savdi, M.S., & Yıldız, M.E. (2020) . Examination of the relationship between the teachers' average daily Step counts and some variables. Editor: Özgür KARATAY, Academic Studies in Sports Sciences-2. Cilt 1, s 45-66, First Edition, June 2020 Turkey / Ankara, ISBN: 978-625-7884-74-7
26. Inoue, S., Ohya, Y., Tudor-Locke, C., Tanaka, S., Yoshiike, N., & Shimomitsu, T. (2011). Time trends for step-determined physical activity among Japanese adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(10), 1913–1919. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821a5225
27. US Health, (2008). Department of Health and Human Services, Physical activity guidelines for Americans 2008. Washington, DC. Available from: https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/paguide.pdf
28. Bar-Or, O. (2000). Juvenile obesity, physical activity, and lifestyle changes, The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 28:11, 51-58, https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2000.11.1290
29. Brooke, H.L., Corder, K., Atkin, A.J., & van Sluijs, E.M. (2014). A systematic literature review with meta-analyses of within- and between-day differences in objectively measured physical activity in school-aged children. Sports Medicine, 44, 1427 - 1438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0215-5
30. Normand, M.P. (2008). Increasing physical activity through self‐monitoring, goal setting, and feedback. Behavioral Interventions: Theory & Practice in Residential & Community‐Based Clinical Programs, 23(4): p. 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.267