GÜNEY AFRİKA’DA KAMU GİDERLERİ AÇISINDAN ATIK SEKTÖRÜ VE ATIK ÜRETİMİNİ BELİRLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, özellikle geri kalmış ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde var olan ve gün geçtikçe de büyüme potansiyeline sahip atık sorununa değinmektir. Bunun için Güney Afrika’daki atık türleri ve kamu atık yönetim faaliyetlerinin kamu giderleri açısından analizleri yapıldı. Ayrıca konuya daha bütüncül yaklaşarak atık sürecinin aşamaları sistemli olarak ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu amaçla atık yönetim hiyerarşisine vurgu yapıldı. Ardından bu hiyerarşinin de işaret ettiği atık sorununun kaynağına odaklanıldı ve atık üretimini tetikleyen ekonomik ve demografik faktörler araştırıldı. Buna paralel olarak çalışmanın sonunda Güney Afrika örneği üzerinde analizler yapıldı. Araştırma sonuçlarının ekonomik ve sosyolojik yapıları benzer diğer ülkelere de örnek oluşturması amaçlanmıştır. Uygulama kısmında Güney Afrika’ya ait 2001-2020 dönemi verileri kullanılarak ARDL eşbütünleşme analizi yapılmıştır. Ülkenin atık üretimini belirleyen ekonomik faktör olarak gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla (GSYH) belirlenirken, demografik faktör olarak nüfus değişkenleri kullanıldı. Çıkan sonuçlara göre, atık üretimi ile GSYH ve nüfus arasında uzun dönemli ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkilere rastlanmıştır. Buna göre GSYH’deki 1 birimlik artış atık üretimini aynı yönde 3,35 birim etkileyeceği, nüfusun ise atık üretimini gene aynı yönde 10,9 birim etkileyeceği sonucuna ulaşıldı. Ayrıca kısa dönemdeki bir dengeden sapmanın atıklar üzerindeki etkisi 1,57 dönem (yıl) sonra azalıp tekrar dengeye geleceği ve bunun istatiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atık üretimi
• Entegre atık yönetimi
• ARDL eşbütünleşme analizi

WASTE SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA IN TERMS OF PUBLIC EXPENSES AND ANALYSIS ON THE FACTORS THAT DEFINE WASTE GENERATION

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to address the waste problem that exists especially in underdeveloped and developing countries and has the potential to grow day by day. For this, analyzes of waste types and public waste management activities in South Africa in terms of public expenditures were made. In addition, the stages of the waste process were systematically revealed by approaching the subject in a more holistic manner. For this purpose, the waste management hierarchy was emphasized. From this hierarchy, it was concluded that the most important stage for long-term waste management policies is the waste generation stage. Then, the economic and demographic factors that triggered the waste production were investigated, and parallel to this, analyzes were made on the South African sample at the end of the study. It is aimed that the results of the research will set an example for other countries with similar economic and sociological structures. In the empirical analysis part, ARDL cointegration analysis was carried out using the 2001-2020 period data of South Africa. While the gross domestic product (GDP) was determined as the economic factor determining the waste production of the country, population variables were used as the demographic factor. According to the results, long-term and statistically significant effects were found between waste production, GDP and population. Accordingly, it was concluded that a 1-unit increase in GDP will affect waste production by 3.35 units in the same direction, while the population will affect waste production by 10.9 units in the same direction. In addition, it was determined that the effect of a deviation from a short-term balance on wastes will decrease after 1.57 periods (years) and return to balance, and this is statistically significant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Waste generation
• Integrated waste management
• ARDL cointegration analysis

Kaynakça

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