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SINIR ÖTESİNDE ÇALIŞMA MOTİVASYONLARI VE KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ AÇISINDAN BAĞIMLI VE BAĞIMSIZ ULUSLARARASI ÇALIŞANLAR

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 20, 36 - 48, 01.06.2018

Öz

Günümüz iş gücü piyasasında daha fazla yer almaya başlayan uluslararası çalışanların yönetimi konusu son otuz yıldır insan kaynakları yönetimi alanındaki araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Yazında uluslararası çalışanları yurtdışında çalışmaya iten etmenler ve bu kişilerin kişilik özellikleri konusundaki çalışmalar göze çarpmaktadır. Uluslararası yazındaki bu gelişmeler ile kıyaslandığında, yerel yazında çalışanların yurtdışında görev alma nedenlerine ilişkin çalışmaların kısıtlı sayıda olduğu ve kavramsal bir çerçevenin çizilemediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada uluslararası çalışanlar bağımsız ve bağımlı olmak üzere iki ayrı şekilde ele alınmış, kavramlar arası farklılıklar tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada yerel yazında yeterince irdelenmemiş olan bağımsız uluslararası çalışan kavramının yazına kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra bu çalışanları yurt dışında çalışmaya iten motive edici faktörler ve kişilik özellikleri açısından farklılıklar, çeşitli araştırma önermeleri doğrultusunda ele alınmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Al Ariss, A. ve Özbilgin, M. (2010), “Understanding Self-Initiated Expatriates: Career Experiences of Lebanese Self-Initiated Expatriates”, Thunderbird International Business Review, Cilt: 52, s. 275- 85.
  • Al Ariss, Akram (2012), “Ethnic Minority Migrants or Self-Initiated Expatriates? Questioning Assumptions in International Management Studies”, Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives, (Ed). M. Andresen, A. Al Ariss ve M. Walther, New York: Routledge, s. 235–241.
  • Anderson, B. A. (2005), “Expatriate Selection: Good Management or Good Luck”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 16, Sayı: 4, s. 567-583.
  • Andresen, M. ve Gustschin, T. (2012), “Volunteering Abroad: A Career-Related Analysis of International Development Aid Workers”, Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives, (Ed.) M. Andresen, A. Al Ariss ve M. Walther, New York: Routledge, s. 183–204.
  • Banai, M. ve Harry, W. (2004). “Boundaryless Global Careers: The International Itinerants”, International Studies of Management & Organization, Cilt: 34, Sayı: 3, s. 96-120.
  • Buss, D. M. (1991), “Evolutionary Personality Psychology”, Annual Review of Psychology, (Ed.) M. R. Rosenzweig, L. W. Porter, Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, s. 459-492.
  • Caligiuri, P. M. (2000), “The Big Five Personality Characteristics as Predictors of Expatriate’s Desire to Terminate the Assignment and Supervisor-Rated Performance”, Personnel Psychology, Cilt: 53, Sayı: 1, s. 67-88.
  • Cerdin, J. L. ve J. Selmer (2014), “Who is a Self-Initiated Expatriate? Towards Conceptual Clarity of a Common Notion”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 25, Sayı: 9, s. 1281-1301.
  • Chun Guo, Porschitz Emily T. ve Alves Jose (2013), “Exploring Career Agency During Self- Initiated Repatriation: A Study of Chinese Sea Turtles”, Career Development International, Cilt: 18, Sayı: 1, s. 34-55.
  • Cook, M. (2013), “Expatriate Parents and Supplementary Education in Japan: Survival Strategy or Acculturation Strategy”, Asia Pacific Education Review, Cilt: 14, Sayı: 3, s. 403-417.
  • Crowley-Henry, M. (2007), “The Protean Career: Exemplified by First World Foreign Residents in Western Europe?”, International Studies of Management and Organization, Cilt: 37, Sayı: 3, s. 44– 64.
  • Dickmann, M. ve Doherty, N. (2008). “Exploring the Career Capital Impact of International Assignments Within Distinct Organizational Contexts”, The British Journal of Management, Cilt: 19, Sayı: 2, s. 145–161.
  • Doherty, N. (2013), “Understanding the Self-Initiated Expatriate: A Review and Directions for Future Research”, International Journal of Management Reviews, Cilt: 15, Sayı: 4, s. 447-469.
  • Doherty, N. ve Dickmann, M. (2012), “Measuring the Return on Investment in International Assignments: An Action Research Approach”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 23, Sayı: 16, s. 3434–3454.
  • Duncan Jackson, Stuart Carr, Margot Edwards, Kaye Thorn, Nicola Allfree, Jill Hooks, Kerr Inkson (2005), “Exploring the Dynamics of New Zealand’s Talent Flow”, New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Cilt: 34, Sayı: 2, s. 110-116.
  • Elena Trifiletti, Capozza Dora, Pasin Anna, Falvo Rossella (2009), “A Validation of the Proactive Personality Scale”, Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, Cilt: 16, s. 77-93. Franke, J. ve Nicholson, N. (2002), “Who Shall We Send? Cultural and Other Influences on the Rating of Selection Criteria for Expatriate Assignments”, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, s. 21-36.
  • Haslina Halim, Bakar Hassan Abu, Mohamad Bahtiar (2014), “Expatriate Adjustment: Validating Multicultural Personality Trait Among Self-Initiated Academic Expatriates”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Cilt: 155, s. 123-129.
  • Holopainen, J. ve Björkman, I. (2005), “The Personal Characteristics of the Successful Expatriate: A Critical Review of the Literature and An Empirical Investigation”, Personnel Review, Cilt: 34, Sayı:1, s. 37-50.
  • Inkson, K. ve B. A. Myers (2003), “The Big OE”: Self-Directed Travel and Career Development”, Career Development International, Cilt: 8, Sayı: 4, s. 170-181.
  • Jan Selmer, Lauring Jakob, Zhang Ling E., Jonasson Charlotte (2016), “How do Assigned and Self- Initiated Expatriate CEOs Differ? An Empirical Investigation on CEO Demography, Personality, and Performance in China”, Global Talent Management and Staffing in MNEs, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, s. 49-79.
  • Karen Van der Zee, Van Oudenhoven Jan Pieter, Ponterotto Joseph G., Fietzer Alexander (2013), “Multicultural Personality Questionnaire: Development of a Short Form”, Journal of Personality Assessment, Cilt: 95, Sayı: 1, s. 118-124.
  • Kerr Inkson, Arthur Michael B., Pringle Judith, Barry Sean (1997), “Expatriate Assignment versus Overseas Experience: Contrasting Models of International Human Resource Development”, Journal of World Business, Cilt: 32, Sayı: 4, s. 351-368.
  • Kyle C. Huff, Song Pingping, Gresch, Eric B. (2014), “Cultural Intelligence, Personality, and Cross- Cultural Adjustment: A Study of Expatriates in Japan”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Cilt: 38, s. 151-157.
  • Lee, J. Y. Ve Ciftci, A. (2014), “Asian International Students’ Socio-Cultural Adaptation: Influence of Multicultural Personality, Assertiveness, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Social Support”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Cilt: 38, s. 97-105.
  • Lee, L. Y. Ve Sukoco, B. M. (2008), “The Mediating Effects of Expatriate Adjustment and Operational Capability on the Success of Expatriation”, Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, Cilt: 36, Sayı: 9, s. 1191-1204.
  • McEvoy, G. M. ve Buller, P. F. (2013), “Research for Practice: The Management of Expatriates”, Thunderbird International Business Review, Cilt: 55, Sayı: 2, s. 213-226.
  • McKenna, S. ve J. Richardson (2007), “The Increasing Complexity of the Internationally Mobile Professional: Issues for Research and Practice”, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal. Cilt: 14, s. 307-320.
  • Michael Dickmann, Doherty Noeleen, Mills Timothy ve Brewster Chris (2008). “Why Do They Go? Individual and Corporate Perspectives on the Factors Influencing the Decision to Accept an International Assignment”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 19, Sayı: 4, s. 731–751.
  • Michael Dorsch, Suutari Vesa ve Brewster Chris (2012), “Research on Self-Initiated Expatriation: History and Future Directions”, Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives, (Ed.), M. Andresen, A. Al Ariss ve M. Walther New York: Routledge, s. 42-56.
  • Mitrev, S. ve Culpepper, R. (2012), “Expatriation in Europe: Factors and Insights”, The Journal of International Management Studies, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 1, s. 158-167.
  • Nga Thi Thuy Ho, Seet Phi-Shen, Jones Jane (2016), “Understanding Re-expatriation Intentions Among Overseas Returnees– An Emerging Economy Perspective”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 27, Sayı: 17, s. 1938-1966.
  • Noeleen Doherty, Dickmann Michael ve Mills Timothy (2011), “Exploring the Motives of Company- Backed and Self-Initiated Expatriates”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 22, Sayı: 3, s. 595-611.
  • Ones, D. S. ve Viswesvaran, C. (1997), “Personality Determinants in the Prediction of Aspects of Expatriate Job Success”, New Approaches to Employee Management, (Ed.) D. M. Saunders, Z. Aycan Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. s. 63-92
  • Peltokorpi, V. ve F. J. Froese (2009), “Organizational Expatriates and Self-Initiated Expatriates: Who Adjusts Better to Work and Life in Japan?”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 20, s. 1096–1112.
  • Richard A. Guzzo, Noonan Katherina A. ve Elron Efrat (1994), “Expatriate Managers and the Psychological Contract”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Cilt: 79, Sayı: 4, s. 617-626.
  • Richardson, J. ve McKenna, S. (2006), “Exploring Relationships with Home and Host Countries. A Study of Self-directed Expatriates”, Cross Cultural Management, Cilt: 13, Sayı: 1, s. 6 – 22.
  • Richardson, J. ve S. McKenna (2002), “Leaving and Experiencing: Why Academics Expatriate and How They Experience Expatriation”, Career Development International, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 2, s. 67-78.
  • Richardson, Julia (2006), “Self-Directed Expatriation: Family Matter”, Personnel Review, Cilt: 35, Sayı: 4, s. 469-486.
  • Ruth Simpson, Sturges Jane, Weight Pauline (2010), “Transient, Unsettling and Creative Space: Experiences of Liminality Through the Accounts of Chinese Students on a UK-Based MBA”, Management Learning, Cilt: 41, Sayı: 1, s. 53-70.
  • Scott E. Seibert, Crant, Michael, Kraimer, Maria (1999), “Proactive Personality and Career Success”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Cilt: 84, Sayı: 3, 416-427.
  • Selmer, J. ve J. Lauring, (2012), “Reasons to Expatriate and Work Outcomes of Self-Initiated Expatriates”, Personnel Review, Cilt: 41, Sayı: 5, s. 665-684.
  • Selmer, J. ve Lauring, J. (2010), “Self‐Initiated Academic Expatriates: Inherent Demographics and Reasons to Expatriate”, European Management Review, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 3, s. 169-179.
  • Tharenou, P. ve N. Caulfield (2010), “Will I Stay or Will I Go? Explaining Repatriation by Self- Initiated Expatriates”, Academy of Management Journal, Cilt: 53, Sayı: 5, s. 1009-1028.
  • Thorn, K. ve K. Inkson (2012), “Self-Initiated Expatriation and Talent Flow”, Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives, (Ed.) M. Andresen, A. Al Ariss ve M. Walther, New York: Routledge, s. 75-89.
  • Tung, Rosalie L. (2007), “The Human Resource Challenge to Outward Foreign Direct Investment Ispirations From Emerging Economies: The Case of China”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 18, Sayı: 5, s. 868–889.
  • Tüzüner, Vala Lale (2015), “Uluslararası İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi”, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, (Ed.), Ö. Z. Sadullah ve diğerleri, İstanbul: Beta Basım, s. 625-693.

ASSIGNED BASED AND SELF-INITIATED EXPATRIATES IN TERMS OF WORKING MOTIVATION BEYOND THE BORDER AND PERSONALITY TRAITS

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 20, 36 - 48, 01.06.2018

Öz

In the last thirty years expatriates management subject takes attention in today's labour market from researchers working in the field of human resources management. In the literature, the factors that push expatriates to work abroad and their personality traits have been examined. Compared to these developments in the foreign literature, it seems that there are limited number of studies in the local literature and they do not draw a conceptual framework. In this study, assigned based expatriates and self-initiated expatriates are considered from two different perspectives and differences between concepts are defined. Besides, the aim of this study is to articulate the self-initiated expatriates subject which is not widely examined in the local literature. In addition, a variety of research proposals have been developed in the context of the motivator factors and personality traits that drive these expatriates to work abroad

Kaynakça

  • Al Ariss, A. ve Özbilgin, M. (2010), “Understanding Self-Initiated Expatriates: Career Experiences of Lebanese Self-Initiated Expatriates”, Thunderbird International Business Review, Cilt: 52, s. 275- 85.
  • Al Ariss, Akram (2012), “Ethnic Minority Migrants or Self-Initiated Expatriates? Questioning Assumptions in International Management Studies”, Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives, (Ed). M. Andresen, A. Al Ariss ve M. Walther, New York: Routledge, s. 235–241.
  • Anderson, B. A. (2005), “Expatriate Selection: Good Management or Good Luck”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 16, Sayı: 4, s. 567-583.
  • Andresen, M. ve Gustschin, T. (2012), “Volunteering Abroad: A Career-Related Analysis of International Development Aid Workers”, Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives, (Ed.) M. Andresen, A. Al Ariss ve M. Walther, New York: Routledge, s. 183–204.
  • Banai, M. ve Harry, W. (2004). “Boundaryless Global Careers: The International Itinerants”, International Studies of Management & Organization, Cilt: 34, Sayı: 3, s. 96-120.
  • Buss, D. M. (1991), “Evolutionary Personality Psychology”, Annual Review of Psychology, (Ed.) M. R. Rosenzweig, L. W. Porter, Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, s. 459-492.
  • Caligiuri, P. M. (2000), “The Big Five Personality Characteristics as Predictors of Expatriate’s Desire to Terminate the Assignment and Supervisor-Rated Performance”, Personnel Psychology, Cilt: 53, Sayı: 1, s. 67-88.
  • Cerdin, J. L. ve J. Selmer (2014), “Who is a Self-Initiated Expatriate? Towards Conceptual Clarity of a Common Notion”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 25, Sayı: 9, s. 1281-1301.
  • Chun Guo, Porschitz Emily T. ve Alves Jose (2013), “Exploring Career Agency During Self- Initiated Repatriation: A Study of Chinese Sea Turtles”, Career Development International, Cilt: 18, Sayı: 1, s. 34-55.
  • Cook, M. (2013), “Expatriate Parents and Supplementary Education in Japan: Survival Strategy or Acculturation Strategy”, Asia Pacific Education Review, Cilt: 14, Sayı: 3, s. 403-417.
  • Crowley-Henry, M. (2007), “The Protean Career: Exemplified by First World Foreign Residents in Western Europe?”, International Studies of Management and Organization, Cilt: 37, Sayı: 3, s. 44– 64.
  • Dickmann, M. ve Doherty, N. (2008). “Exploring the Career Capital Impact of International Assignments Within Distinct Organizational Contexts”, The British Journal of Management, Cilt: 19, Sayı: 2, s. 145–161.
  • Doherty, N. (2013), “Understanding the Self-Initiated Expatriate: A Review and Directions for Future Research”, International Journal of Management Reviews, Cilt: 15, Sayı: 4, s. 447-469.
  • Doherty, N. ve Dickmann, M. (2012), “Measuring the Return on Investment in International Assignments: An Action Research Approach”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 23, Sayı: 16, s. 3434–3454.
  • Duncan Jackson, Stuart Carr, Margot Edwards, Kaye Thorn, Nicola Allfree, Jill Hooks, Kerr Inkson (2005), “Exploring the Dynamics of New Zealand’s Talent Flow”, New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Cilt: 34, Sayı: 2, s. 110-116.
  • Elena Trifiletti, Capozza Dora, Pasin Anna, Falvo Rossella (2009), “A Validation of the Proactive Personality Scale”, Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, Cilt: 16, s. 77-93. Franke, J. ve Nicholson, N. (2002), “Who Shall We Send? Cultural and Other Influences on the Rating of Selection Criteria for Expatriate Assignments”, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, s. 21-36.
  • Haslina Halim, Bakar Hassan Abu, Mohamad Bahtiar (2014), “Expatriate Adjustment: Validating Multicultural Personality Trait Among Self-Initiated Academic Expatriates”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Cilt: 155, s. 123-129.
  • Holopainen, J. ve Björkman, I. (2005), “The Personal Characteristics of the Successful Expatriate: A Critical Review of the Literature and An Empirical Investigation”, Personnel Review, Cilt: 34, Sayı:1, s. 37-50.
  • Inkson, K. ve B. A. Myers (2003), “The Big OE”: Self-Directed Travel and Career Development”, Career Development International, Cilt: 8, Sayı: 4, s. 170-181.
  • Jan Selmer, Lauring Jakob, Zhang Ling E., Jonasson Charlotte (2016), “How do Assigned and Self- Initiated Expatriate CEOs Differ? An Empirical Investigation on CEO Demography, Personality, and Performance in China”, Global Talent Management and Staffing in MNEs, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, s. 49-79.
  • Karen Van der Zee, Van Oudenhoven Jan Pieter, Ponterotto Joseph G., Fietzer Alexander (2013), “Multicultural Personality Questionnaire: Development of a Short Form”, Journal of Personality Assessment, Cilt: 95, Sayı: 1, s. 118-124.
  • Kerr Inkson, Arthur Michael B., Pringle Judith, Barry Sean (1997), “Expatriate Assignment versus Overseas Experience: Contrasting Models of International Human Resource Development”, Journal of World Business, Cilt: 32, Sayı: 4, s. 351-368.
  • Kyle C. Huff, Song Pingping, Gresch, Eric B. (2014), “Cultural Intelligence, Personality, and Cross- Cultural Adjustment: A Study of Expatriates in Japan”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Cilt: 38, s. 151-157.
  • Lee, J. Y. Ve Ciftci, A. (2014), “Asian International Students’ Socio-Cultural Adaptation: Influence of Multicultural Personality, Assertiveness, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Social Support”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Cilt: 38, s. 97-105.
  • Lee, L. Y. Ve Sukoco, B. M. (2008), “The Mediating Effects of Expatriate Adjustment and Operational Capability on the Success of Expatriation”, Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, Cilt: 36, Sayı: 9, s. 1191-1204.
  • McEvoy, G. M. ve Buller, P. F. (2013), “Research for Practice: The Management of Expatriates”, Thunderbird International Business Review, Cilt: 55, Sayı: 2, s. 213-226.
  • McKenna, S. ve J. Richardson (2007), “The Increasing Complexity of the Internationally Mobile Professional: Issues for Research and Practice”, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal. Cilt: 14, s. 307-320.
  • Michael Dickmann, Doherty Noeleen, Mills Timothy ve Brewster Chris (2008). “Why Do They Go? Individual and Corporate Perspectives on the Factors Influencing the Decision to Accept an International Assignment”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 19, Sayı: 4, s. 731–751.
  • Michael Dorsch, Suutari Vesa ve Brewster Chris (2012), “Research on Self-Initiated Expatriation: History and Future Directions”, Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives, (Ed.), M. Andresen, A. Al Ariss ve M. Walther New York: Routledge, s. 42-56.
  • Mitrev, S. ve Culpepper, R. (2012), “Expatriation in Europe: Factors and Insights”, The Journal of International Management Studies, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 1, s. 158-167.
  • Nga Thi Thuy Ho, Seet Phi-Shen, Jones Jane (2016), “Understanding Re-expatriation Intentions Among Overseas Returnees– An Emerging Economy Perspective”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 27, Sayı: 17, s. 1938-1966.
  • Noeleen Doherty, Dickmann Michael ve Mills Timothy (2011), “Exploring the Motives of Company- Backed and Self-Initiated Expatriates”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 22, Sayı: 3, s. 595-611.
  • Ones, D. S. ve Viswesvaran, C. (1997), “Personality Determinants in the Prediction of Aspects of Expatriate Job Success”, New Approaches to Employee Management, (Ed.) D. M. Saunders, Z. Aycan Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. s. 63-92
  • Peltokorpi, V. ve F. J. Froese (2009), “Organizational Expatriates and Self-Initiated Expatriates: Who Adjusts Better to Work and Life in Japan?”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 20, s. 1096–1112.
  • Richard A. Guzzo, Noonan Katherina A. ve Elron Efrat (1994), “Expatriate Managers and the Psychological Contract”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Cilt: 79, Sayı: 4, s. 617-626.
  • Richardson, J. ve McKenna, S. (2006), “Exploring Relationships with Home and Host Countries. A Study of Self-directed Expatriates”, Cross Cultural Management, Cilt: 13, Sayı: 1, s. 6 – 22.
  • Richardson, J. ve S. McKenna (2002), “Leaving and Experiencing: Why Academics Expatriate and How They Experience Expatriation”, Career Development International, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 2, s. 67-78.
  • Richardson, Julia (2006), “Self-Directed Expatriation: Family Matter”, Personnel Review, Cilt: 35, Sayı: 4, s. 469-486.
  • Ruth Simpson, Sturges Jane, Weight Pauline (2010), “Transient, Unsettling and Creative Space: Experiences of Liminality Through the Accounts of Chinese Students on a UK-Based MBA”, Management Learning, Cilt: 41, Sayı: 1, s. 53-70.
  • Scott E. Seibert, Crant, Michael, Kraimer, Maria (1999), “Proactive Personality and Career Success”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Cilt: 84, Sayı: 3, 416-427.
  • Selmer, J. ve J. Lauring, (2012), “Reasons to Expatriate and Work Outcomes of Self-Initiated Expatriates”, Personnel Review, Cilt: 41, Sayı: 5, s. 665-684.
  • Selmer, J. ve Lauring, J. (2010), “Self‐Initiated Academic Expatriates: Inherent Demographics and Reasons to Expatriate”, European Management Review, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 3, s. 169-179.
  • Tharenou, P. ve N. Caulfield (2010), “Will I Stay or Will I Go? Explaining Repatriation by Self- Initiated Expatriates”, Academy of Management Journal, Cilt: 53, Sayı: 5, s. 1009-1028.
  • Thorn, K. ve K. Inkson (2012), “Self-Initiated Expatriation and Talent Flow”, Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives, (Ed.) M. Andresen, A. Al Ariss ve M. Walther, New York: Routledge, s. 75-89.
  • Tung, Rosalie L. (2007), “The Human Resource Challenge to Outward Foreign Direct Investment Ispirations From Emerging Economies: The Case of China”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Cilt: 18, Sayı: 5, s. 868–889.
  • Tüzüner, Vala Lale (2015), “Uluslararası İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi”, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, (Ed.), Ö. Z. Sadullah ve diğerleri, İstanbul: Beta Basım, s. 625-693.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Vala Lale Tüzüner Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 20

Kaynak Göster

APA Tüzüner, V. L. (2018). SINIR ÖTESİNDE ÇALIŞMA MOTİVASYONLARI VE KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ AÇISINDAN BAĞIMLI VE BAĞIMSIZ ULUSLARARASI ÇALIŞANLAR. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(20), 36-48.

Dicle University
Journal of Social Sciences Institute (DUSBED)