OECD ÜLKELERİNDE İNTERNET KULLANIMI VE BEŞERİ SERMAYENİN İŞGÜCÜ BAŞINA GELİRE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 25, 11 - 23, 19.10.2020

Yusuf Muratoğlu

Öz

Bu çalışmada beşeri sermaye oluşumu ve internet kullanımının işgücü başına gelir üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. İnternet bir takım yenilikçi fırsatlar sunarak bilgi alışverişi sağlamakta ve bu durum ekonomik büyümeye pozitif etki yapmaktadır. İnternetin sunduğu yeni fırsatları kullanmayı ve bunun yarattığı etkinin boyutunu ise ekonomideki mevcut beşeri sermaye stoku belirler. Bu amaçla 35 OECD ülkesine ait 1990-2018 yıllarını kapsayan yıllık verilerle panel veri seti hazırlanmış ve panel veri ekonometrisi yöntemleriyle analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre internet kullanımının %1 artması işgücü başına geliri yaklaşık %0.02 düzeyinde artırmaktadır. Bu sonuç içsel büyüme teorileri doğrultusunda beşeri sermaye oluşumunun ekonomik büyümedeki pozitif rolünü destekleyen bulgular sunmaktadır. OECD ülkeleri genelinde internet kullanımının maliyetini düşürmek, internetin kalitesini arttırmak amacıyla bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri BİT sektörüne yatırım yapmak ve internetin sunduğu olanaklardan tam olarak faydalanabilmek için beşeri sermayeyi geliştirmeye devam etmek ülkelerde işgücü başına gelirin artırılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beşeri sermaye, İnternet, Ekonomik büyüme

THE IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND INTERNET USE ON INCOME PER LABOR IN OECD COUNTRIES

Öz

This study investigates the effects of human capital formation and internet use on income per labor. The Internet provides a number of innovative opportunities to exchange information and this positively affects economic growth. The size of this impact is determined by the formation of existing human capital in the economy. The usage of new opportunities on the Internet depends on the level of human capital stock in the economy. This study employs a pan el dataset of 35 OECD countries from the period 1990-2018 with annual data and analyses were carried out by using panel data econometrics. According to the results obtained, 1% increase in internet usage increases the income per labor by approximately 0.02%. This result provides evidence about the positive role of human capital formation in economic growth in line with endogenous growth theories. Across the OECD, reducing the cost of internet use, improving the information and communication technologies ICT sector to improve the quality of the internet, and continuing to develop human capital to take advantage of the internet will contribute to income per labor

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human capital, Internet, Economic growth

Kaynakça

• Baltagi Badi H., and M. Hashem Pesaran, (2007), “Heterogeneity and Cross Section Dependence in Panel Data Models: Theory and Applications Introduction”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, pp. 229-232.
• Choi Changkyu, (2003), “Does the Internet Stimulate Inward Foreign Direct Investment?”, Journal of Policy Modeling, Volume: 25, Issue: 4, pp. 319-326.
• Choi Changkyu, (2010), “The Effect of the Internet on Service Trade.” Economics Letters, Volume: 109 Issue: 2, pp. 102-104.
• Choi Changkyu and Myung Hoon Yi, (2009), “The Effect of the Internet on Economic Growth: Evidence From Cross-Country Panel Data” Economics Letters, Volume: 105 Issue: 1, pp. 39-41.
• Choi Changkyu and Myung Hoon Yi, (2018), “The Internet, R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth” Applied Economics Letters, Volume: 25 Issue:4, pp. 264-267.
• Czernich Nina- Falck Oliver- Kretschmer Tobias- Woessmann Ludger, (2011), “Broadband Infrastructure and Economic Growth” The Economic Journal, Volume: 121, Issue: 552, pp.505- 532.
• Driscoll John C and Aart C. Kraay, (1998), “Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation with Spatially Dependent Panel Data” Review of Economics and Statistics, Volume: 121, pp. 549-560.
• Drukker David M. (2003). “Testing for Serial Correlation in Linear Panel-Data Models”, The Stata Journal, Volume: 3, Issue: 2, pp. 168-177.
• Elgin Ceyhun, (2013), “Internet Usage and the Shadow Economy: Evidence From Panel Data”, Economic Systems, Volume: 37, Issue: 1, pp.111-121.
• Freund Caroline L. and Diana Weinhold, (2004). “The Effect of the Internet on International Trade” Journal of International Economics, Volume: 62, Issue: 1, pp.171-189.
• Greene William, (2007), Econometric Analysis (Sixth Ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Hoechle Daniel, (2007), “Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence”, The Stata Journal, Volume: 7, Issue: 3, pp. 281-312.
• Kennedy Peter, (2008), A Guide to Econometrics (Sixth Ed.), Blackwell Publication.
• Najarzadeh Reza-Farzad Rahimzadeh-Michael Reed, (2014). “Does The Internet İncrease Labor Productivity? Evidence From A Cross-Country Dynamic Panel” Journal of Policy Modeling, Volume: 36, Issue: 6, pp. 986-993.
• Noh Yong-Hwan and Kyeongwon Yoo, (2008). “Internet, Inequality and Growth” Journal of Policy Modeling, Volume: 30, Issue: 6, pp. 1005-1016.
• OECD (2017). OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017-The Digital Transformation. OECD Publishing.
• Pesaran M. Hashem, (2003), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross Section Dependence. Tarihi: 04.04.2020) (Erişim
• Pesaran M. Hashem, (2015), “Testing Weak Cross-Sectional Dependence in Large Panels” Econometric Reviews, Volume: 34, Issue: 6-10, pp.1089-1117.
• Pesaran M. Hashem, (2004) “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels” IZA Discussion Paper No. 1240.
• Rudra P. Pradhan-Mak B. Arvin-Neville R. Norman-Sara E. Bennett, (2016). “Financial Depth, Internet Penetration Rates and Economic Growth: Country-Panel Evidence” Applied Economics, Volume: 48, Issue: 4, pp.331-343.
• Rudra P. Pradhan-Samadhan Bele-Shashikant Pandey, (2013), “Internet-Growth Nexus: Evidence From Cross-Country Panel Data” Applied Economics Letters, Volume: 20, Issue: 16, pp. 1511-1515.
• Romer Paul M., (1986), “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth” Journal of Political Economy, Volume: 94, Issue: 5, pp. 1002-1037.
• Romer Paul M., (1990), “Endogenous Technological Change” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No. 5, Part 2, pp. S71-S102.
• Salahuddin Mohammad and Jeff Gow, (2016), “The Effects of Internet Usage, Financial Development and Trade Openness on Economic Growth in South Africa: A Time Series Analysis” Telematics and Informatics, Volume: 33, Issue: 4, pp. 1141-1154.
• Ventosa-Santaulària Daniel, (2009), “Spurious Regression” Journal of Probability and Statistics, Volume: 2009, pp. 1-27.
• Wooldridge Jeffrey M., (2010), Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. MIT Press.
• Yi Myung Hoon and Choi Changkyu (2005), “The Effect of the Internet on Inflation: Panel Data Evidence” Journal of Policy Modeling, Volume: 27, Issue: 7, pp. 885-889.