The Role of Adherence to Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments in Hospitalized Patients with Obstructive Airway Diseases

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to assess adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, hospital stay duration, and related risk factors in patients hospitalized with COPD and asthma exacerbations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2023, including patients admitted to the chest diseases department with a diagnosis of COPD or asthma exacerbation. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia, without a known diagnosis of asthma or COPD, were used as a control group. A validated questionnaire adapted from Jeong et al. was used to evaluate treatment adherence. The COPD and asthma groups were compared with the control group. T-tests and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 30 COPD, 12 asthma, and 17 pneumonia patients were included. The overall mean age was 52.9±10.9 years, and 73% were male. COPD patients were significantly older (p=0.04), predominantly male (p<0.001), had a higher smoking history (p=0.02), and lower BMI (p=0.02) than asthma patients. Hospital stay duration and number of exacerbations were similar. Inhaler adherence was low in both COPD (70%) and asthma (66.7%) patients. Nonpharmacological adherence, including vaccination, was also insufficient in all groups. Conclusion: Although differing in demographics, COPD and asthma patients exhibited similar risk factors and poor treatment adherence. Strategies to improve both pharmacological and non-pharmacological adherence should be integrated into clinical practice to reduce hospitalizations and improve patient outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COPD; Asthma
• Treatment Adherence; Drug Therapy
• Nonpharmacologic Therapy

Obstrüktif Havayolu Hastalıkları Nedeniyle Hastaneye Yatırılan Hastalarda Farmakolojik ve Non-Farmakolojik Tedavilere Uyumun Rolü

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, KOAH ve astım alevlenmesi nedeniyle hastaneye yatırılan hastalarda farmakolojik ve farmakolojik olmayan tedavilere uyum, hastanede yatış süresi ve ilişkili risk faktörlerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntemler: Ocak–Mart 2023 tarihleri arasında göğüs hastalıkları kliniğine KOAH veya astım alevlenmesi tanısıyla yatırılan hastalarla kesitsel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Toplum kökenli pnömoni tanılı ve bilinen KOAH veya astım tanısı olmayan hastalar kontrol grubu olarak dahil edilmiştir. Tedaviye uyumu değerlendirmek için Jeong ve ark. tarafından geliştirilen ve uyarlanmış geçerli bir anket kullanılmıştır. KOAH ve astım grupları kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde t-testi ve ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 30 KOAH, 12 astım ve 17 pnömoni hastası dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 52,9±10,9 yıl olup %73’ü erkektir. KOAH hastaları astım hastalarına kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha yaşlı (p=0,04), daha çok erkek (p<0,001), daha fazla sigara öyküsüne sahip (p=0,020) ve daha düşük beden kitle indeksine (p=0,020) sahiptir. Hastanede yatış süresi ve alevlenme sayısı gruplar arasında benzerdi. Hem KOAH (%70) hem de astım (%66,7) hastalarında inhaler tedaviye uyum düşüktü. Aşı gibi farmakolojik olmayan tedavilere uyum da tüm gruplarda yetersizdi. Sonuç: Demografik farklılıklara rağmen, KOAH ve astım hastaları benzer risk faktörlerine ve düşük tedavi uyumuna sahiptir. Klinik uygulamalarda farmakolojik ve farmakolojik olmayan tedaviye uyumu artırmaya yönelik stratejiler entegre edilmelidir. Bu sayede hastaneye yatış oranları azaltılabilir ve hasta sonuçları iyileştirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• KOAH
• Astım
• Tedaviye Uyum
• İlaç Tedavisi
• İlaç Dışı Tedavi.

Kaynakça

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