Postmortem biochemistry

Yıl 2014, , 773 - 780, 01.12.2014

Mukaddes Gürler Aynur Altuntaş

https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2014.04.0519

Cited By: 1

Öz

Postmortem biochemistry is becoming more important in forensic pathology. Involving of biochemical investigations full autopsy can provide to detect divers pathologic conditions such as antemortem acute/chronic diseases, fatal metabolic conditions, survival time, postmortem biochemical changes, and the source of analytes. Biochemical tests may be usefull where the morphological examinations cannot lighten the fatal pathology (Diabetes Mellitus (DM), alcoholic ketoacidosis, sepsis, electrolytic disorders). This article presents the analytes that may be useful in forensic medicine upon the studies performed and published in the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Postmortem biochemistry, postmortem chemistry, forensic chemistry

Postmortem biyokimya

Öz

Postmortem biyokimya son yıllarda hızla adli patoloji alanında rutin kullanıma girmeye ve bu alanda giderek önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Rutin uygulanan ful otopsi içinde biyokimyasal incelemelerin de yer alması; ölüm öncesi var olan akut/kronik patolojileri, ölüme sebep olabilecek hastalıkları, ölüm sürecinde kişinin metabolik durumunu, canlılık süresini, ölüm sonrası biyokimyasal değişiklikleri ve analitlerin kaynağını göstermesi açısından önemli bilgiler sağlayabilir. Özellikle klasik otopsi ile yapılan morfolojik incelemelerin yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda (Diabetes Mellitus (DM), alkolik ketoasidoz, sepsis, elektrolit bozuklukları) biyokimyasal tetkikler çok değerli olabilir. Bu yazıda literatür araştırmasına dayalı postmortem biyokimya ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmalara atıfta bulunarak otopsi incelemelerinde başvurulabilecek biyokimyasal analitler üzerinde kısaca durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Postmortem biyokimya, postmortem kimya, adli kimya

Kaynakça

• Coe JI. Postmortem chemistry update. Emphasis on forensic application. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1993;14:91-117.
• Traub F. [method for the detection of lethal glucose metabo- lism disorders in the corpse (diabetes mellitus and hypo- glycemia)]. Zentralblatt fur allgemeine Pathologie und pa- thologische Anatomie 1969;112:390-399.
• Karlovsek MZ. Diagnostic values of combined glucose and lactate values in cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humour- -our experiences. Forensic Sci Int 2004;146 Suppl:S19-23.
• Zilg B, Alkass K, Berg S, Druid H. Postmortem identification of hyperglycemia. Forensic Sci Int 2009;185:89-95.
• Palmiere C, Mangin P. Postmortem chemistry update part i. Int J Legal Med 2012;126:187-198.
• Davis PL, Dal Cortivo LA, Maturo J. Endogenous isopro- panol: Forensic and biochemical implications. J Analytic Toxicol 1984;8:209-212.
• Thomsen JL, Felby S, Theilade P, Nielsen E. Alcoholic keto- acidosis as a cause of death in forensic cases. Forensic Sci Int 1995;75:163-171.
• Pounder DJ, Stevenson RJ, Taylor KK. Alcoholic ketoacido- sis at autopsy. J Forensic Sci 1998;43:812-816.
• Patel F. Fatal self-induced hyperinsulinaemia: A delayed post-mortem analytical detection. Med Science Law 1992;32:151-159.
• Kernbach-Wighton G, Puschel K. On the phenomenology of lethal applications of insulin. Forensic Sci Int 1998;93:61- 73.
• Maeda H, Zhu BL, Bessho Y, et al. Postmortem serum nitro- gen compounds and c-reactive protein levels with special regard to investigation of fatal hyperthermia. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2008;4:175-180.
• Uemura K, Shintani-Ishida K, Saka K, et al. Biochemical blood markers and sampling sites in forensic autopsy. J Fo- rensic Legal Med 2008;15:312-317.
• Whitehead FJ, Couper RT, Moore L, et al. Dehydration deaths in infants and young children. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1996;17:73-78.
• Ross MP, Spiller HA. Fatal ingestion of sodium hypochlo- rite bleach with associated hypernatremia and hyperchlore- mic metabolic acidosis. Vet Human Toxicol 1999;41:82-86.
• Byard RW. Incapacitation or death of a socially isolated par- ent or carer could result in the death of dependent children. J Paediatr Child Health 2002;38:417-418.
• Chen X, Huang G. Autopsy case report of a rare acute iat- rogenic water intoxication with a review of the literature. Forensic Sci Int 1995;76:27-34.
• Zhu BL, Ishikawa T, Quan L, et al. Evaluation of post- mortem serum calcium and magnesium levels in relation to the causes of death in forensic autopsy. Forensic Sci Int 2005;155:18-23.
• Li DR, Quan L, Zhu BL, et al. Evaluation of postmortem calcium and magnesium levels in the pericardial fluid with regard to the cause of death in medicolegal autopsy. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009;11 Suppl 1:S276-278.
• Azparren JE, Vallejo G, Reyes E, et al. Study of the diagnos- tic value of strontium, chloride, haemoglobin and diatoms in immersion cases. Forensic Sci Int 1998;91:123-132.
• Azparren J, de la Rosa I, Sancho M. Biventricular measure- ment of blood strontium in real cases of drowning. Forensic Sci Int 1994;69:139-148.
• Azparren JE, Ortega A, Bueno H, Andreu M. Blood stron- tium concentration related to the length of the agonal period in seawater drowning cases. Forensic Sci Int 2000;108:51- 60.
• Azparren JE, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, Vallejo G. Diagnos- ing death by drowning in fresh water using blood strontium as an indicator. Forensic Sci Int 2003;137:55-59.
• Azparren JE, Perucha E, Martinez P, et al. Factors affect- ing strontium absorption in drowning. Forensic Sci Int 2007;168:138-142.
• Azparren JE, Cubero C, Perucha E, et al. Comparison be- tween lung weight and blood strontium in bodies found in seawater. Forensic Sci Int 2007;168:128-132.
• Perez-Carceles MD, del Pozo S, Sibon A, et al. Serum biochemical markers in drowning: Diagnostic efficacy of strontium and other trace elements. Forensic Sci Int 2012;214:159-166.
• Schloegl H, Dresen S, Spaczynski K, et al. Stability of ethyl glucuronide in urine, post-mortem tissue and blood sam- ples. Int J Legal Med 2006;120:83-88.
• Helander A, Olsson I, Dahl H. Postcollection synthe- sis of ethyl glucuronide by bacteria in urine may cause false identification of alcohol consumption. Clin Chem 2007;53:1855-1857.
• Baranowski S, Serr A, Thierauf A, et al. In vitro study of bacterial degradation of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sul- phate. J Forensic Legal Med 2008;122:389-393.
• Halter CC, Laengin A, Al-Ahmad A, et al. Assessment of the stability of the ethanol metabolite ethyl sulfate in stan- dardized degradation tests. Forensic Sci Int 2009;186:52- 55.
• Zhu BL, Ishikawa T, Michiue T, et al. Postmortem pericar- dial natriuretic peptides as markers of cardiac function in medico-legal autopsies. Int J Legal Med 2007;121:28-35.
• Zhu BL, Ishikawa T, Michiue T, et al. Postmortem cardiac troponin i and creatine kinase mb levels in the blood and pericardial fluid as markers of myocardial damage in medi- colegal autopsy. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2007;9:241-250.
• Zhu BL, Ishikawa T, Michiue T, et al. Postmortem car- diac troponin t levels in the blood and pericardial fluid. Part 2: Analysis for application in the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death with regard to pathology. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2006;8:94-101.
• Zhu BL, Ishikawa T, Michiue T, et al. Postmortem cardiac troponin t levels in the blood and pericardial fluid. Part 1. Analysis with special regard to traumatic causes of death. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2006;8:86-93.
• Ishikawa T, Hamel M, Zhu BL, et al. Comparative evalua- tion of postmortem serum concentrations of neopterin and c-reactive protein. Forensic Sci Int 2008;179:135-143.
• Reichelt U, Jung R, Nierhaus A, Tsokos M. Serial moni- toring of interleukin-1beta, soluble interleukin-2 receptor and lipopolysaccharide binding protein levels after death a comparative evaluation of potential postmortem markers of sepsis. Int J Legal Med 2005;119:80-87.
• Mimasaka S, Hashiyada M, Nata M, Funayama M. Cor- relation between serum il-6 levels and death: Usefulness in diagnosis of “traumatic shock”? Tohoku J Exp Med 2001;193:319-324.
• Mimasaka S. Postmortem cytokine levels and the cause of death. Tohoku J Exp 2002;197:145-150.
• Mimasaka S, Ohtsu Y, Tsunenari S, Funayama M. Postmor- tem cytokine levels and severity of traumatic injuries. J Fo- rensic Legal Med 2006;120:265-270.
• Mimasaka S, Funayama M, Hashiyada M, et al. Signifi- cance of levels of il-6 and il-8 after trauma: A study of 11 cytokines post-mortem using multiplex immunoassay. In- jury 2007;38:1047-1051.
• Schrag B, Roux-Lombard P, Schneiter D, et al. Evaluation of c-reactive protein, procalcitonin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 as diagnostic pa- rameters in sepsis-related fatalities. J Forensic Legal Med 2012;126:505-512.
• Ambach E, Tributsch W, Fuchs D, et al. Postmortem evalu- ation of serum and urine neopterin concentrations. J Foren- sic Sci 1991;36:1089-1093.
• Edston E, van Hage-Hamsten M. Mast cell tryptase and he- molysis after trauma. Forensic Sci Int 2003;131:8-13.
• Buckley MG, Variend S, Walls AF. Elevated serum concen- trations of beta-tryptase, but not alpha-tryptase, in sudden infant death syndrome (sids). An investigation of anaphy- lactic mechanisms. Clin Exp allergy 2001;31:1696-1704.
• Edston E, van Hage-Hamsten M, Johansson SG. Tryptase- -at last a useful diagnostic marker for anaphylactic death. Allergy 1996;51:443-445.
• Nishio H, Takai S, Miyazaki M, et al. Usefulness of serum mast cell-specific chymase levels for postmortem diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Int J Legal Med 2005;119:331-334.
• Ishikawa T, Quan L, Li DR, et al. Postmortem biochemis- try and immunohistochemistry of adrenocorticotropic hor- mone with special regard to fatal hypothermia. Forensic Sci Int 2008;179:147-151.
• Ishikawa T, Miyaishi S, Tachibana T, et al. Fatal hypother- mia related vacuolation of hormone-producing cells in the anterior pituitary. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2004;6:157-163.
• Edston E, Druid H, Holmgren P, Ostrom M. Postmortem measurements of thyroid hormones in blood and vitreous humor combined with histology. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2001;22:78-83.
• Dressler J, Mueller E. High thyroglobulin (tg) concentra- tions in fatal traumatic brain injuries. The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology 2006;27:280-282.
• Ishikawa T, Michiue T, Zhao D, et al. Evaluation of post- mortem serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of thyroid- stimulating hormone with special regard to fatal hypother- mia. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009;11 Suppl 1:S228-230.
• Wilke N, Janssen H, Fahrenhorst C, et al. Postmortem de- termination of concentrations of stress hormones in vari- ous body fluids--is there a dependency between adrenaline/ noradrenaline quotient, cause of death and agony time? Int J Legal Med 2007;121:385-394.
• Quan L, Zhu BL, Ishikawa T, et al. Postmortem serum erythropoietin levels in establishing the cause of death and survival time at medicolegal autopsy. Int J Legal Med 2008;122:481-487.
• Fanton L, Bevalot F, Cartiser N, et al. Postmortem measure- ment of human chorionic gonadotropin in vitreous humor and bile. J Forensic Sci 2010;55:792-794.
• Yoshida C, Ishikawa T, Michiue T, et al. Postmortem bio- chemistry and immunohistochemistry of chromogranin a as a stress marker with special regard to fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia. Int J Legal Med 2011;125:11-20.
• Li DR, Zhu BL, Ishikawa T, et al. Immunohistochemical distribution of s-100 protein in the cerebral cortex with re- gard to the cause of death in forensic autopsy. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2006;8:78-85.
• Ondruschka B, Pohlers D, Sommer G, et al. S100b and nse as useful postmortem biochemical markers of traumatic brain injury in autopsy cases. J Neurotrauma 2013;30:1862- 1871.
• Quan L, Ishikawa T, Hara J, et al. Postmortem serotonin levels in cerebrospinal and pericardial fluids with regard to the cause of death in medicolegal autopsy. Leg Med (To- kyo) 2011;13:75-78.
• Musshoff F, Menting T, Madea B. Postmortem serotonin (5- ht) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of medicolegal cases. Forensic Sci Int 2004;142:211-219.
• Puschel K, Lockemann U, Bartel J. Postmortem investiga- tion of serum myoglobin levels with special reference to electrical fatalities. Forensic Sci Int 1995;72:171-177.
• Fieguth A, Schumann G, Troger HD, Kleemann WJ. The effect of lethal electrical shock on postmortem serum myo- globin concentrations. Forensic Sci Int 1999;105:75-82.
• Zhu BL, Ishida K, Quan L, et al. Post-mortem urinary myo- globin levels with reference to the causes of death. Forensic Sci Int 2001;115:183-188.