Nitric oxide in the psychobiology of mental disorders

Öz

Nitric oxide is in a gaseous form and is widespread in the human body. It functions by acting as a secondary messenger in the modulatory activities of neuronal functions of the central nervous system.Nitric oxide is the first identified neurotransmitter of the nontraditional neurotransmitter family.Studies conducted on experimental animals demonstrate that nitric oxide has a neuromodulatory efficacy on the secretions of other neurotransmitters and that it has an effect on learning and memory functions, and on various neuronal mechanisms. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the location of nitric oxide in the central nervous system, its effect on anxiety and depression, its relationship with other neurotransmitters, and also about its role on neurotoxicity. There are clinical studies concerning the level of nitrate, a product of nitric oxide metabolism, and also experimental studies concerning its rewarding effect of alcohol and substance use, in patients with depression and schizophrenia. However, limited studies have been conducted to investigate its relationship with stress, which is an important factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. These studies demonstrate that nitric oxide is closely related with stress physiology. Nitric oxide is a neuromodulator, which is frequently being mentioned about nowadays in psychiatry. Clinical and experimental studies play an important role in the psychobiology of psychiatric disorders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nitric oxide, mental disorders, psychobiology.

Ruhsal bozuklukların psikobiyolojisinde nitrik oksit

Öz

Nitrik oksit gaz formundadır ve insan vücudunda yaygın olarak bulunmaktadır. Merkez sinir sisteminde nöronal islevleri modüle eden bir ikincil mesajcı olarak islev görür. Geleneksel olmayan nörotransmiter ailesine giren ilk nörotransmiterdir. Deney hayvanları ile yapılan çalısmalar nitrik oksitin diger nörotransmiterlerin salınımı üzerinde nöromodülatör etkinlik gösterdigini, ögrenme ve bellek islevlerini ve birçok farklı nöronal mekanizmayı etkiledigini göstermektedir. Nitrik oksitin merkez sinir sistemi yerlesimini, anksiyete ve depresyon üzerine etkilerini, diger nörotransmiterler ile iliskisini, nörotoksisitedeki rolünü inceleyen birçok çalısma bulunmaktadır. Depresyon ve sizofreni hastalarında nitrik oksit metabolizması ürünü olan nitrat seviyesi ile ilgili klinik çalısmalar, alkol ve madde kullanımının ödüllendirici etkisi üzerine yapılmıs deneysel çalısmalar mevcuttur. Ancak psikiyatrik bozuklukların etyolojisinde önemli bir faktör olan stresle iliskisini inceleyen sınırlı sayıda çalısma yapılmıstır. Bu çalısmalar nitrik oksitin stres fizyolojisiyle yakından iliskili oldugunu göstermektedir. Nitrik oksit son zamanlarda psikiyatride sıkça sözü geçen bir nöromodulatördür. Psikiyatrik bozuklukların psikobiyolojisini açıklamada nitrik oksit ile ilgili deneysel ve klinik çalısmalar önemli yer tutmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nitrik oksit, ruhsal bozukluklar, psikobiyoloji.

Kaynakça

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