The role of epidermal growth factor receptor in non-small cell lung cancer

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 117 - 122, 09.05.2015

Ayşe Nursal

https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2015.01.0545

Öz

Lung cancer is the most common reason of cancer mortality all over the world. Although smoking is the most important factor in lung cancer etiology, additionally, environmental, genetic and occupational factors also contribute to this disease. Despite the fact that there have been progress in lung cancer area in terms of treatments, it has still poor prognosis. Lung cancer is generally classified into two major histological types; small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all cases of lung cancer. Epithelial growth factor receptor mutations are among the most common mutations in NSCLC. These mutations are more prevalent in lung cancer patients who are non-smokers, female, and of Asian ethnicity and tumors which have these mutations response better to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. In this review, the prognostic and predictive role of EGFR will be evaluated in NSCLC. Key words: Non-small cell lung cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor, tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Anahtar Kelimeler

Non-small cell lung cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor, tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Epidermal growth factor reseptorünün küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanserindeki rolü

Öz

Akciğer kanseri tüm dünyada en yaygın görülen kanser nedenli ölüm sebebidir. Etyolojide sigara en önemli risk faktörü olmasına karşın çevresel, genetik, mesleki faktörlerin de hastalığa katkıda bulunur. Tedavi alanında son yıllardaki tüm gelişmelere rağmen kötü prognoza sahiptir. Akciğer kanseri genellikle histolojik tipine göre küçük hücreli akciğer kanseri ve küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanseri olarak iki ana tipe ayrılır. Küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanseri tüm vakaların yaklaşık %85’ni oluşturur. Küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanserinde en sık rastlanılan mutasyonlardan biri epidermal büyüme faktör reseptör mutasyonlarıdır. Bu mutasyonlar sigara içmeyenlerde, kadınlarda ve Asya ırkında daha fazladır ve bu mutasyona sahip tümörler tirozin kinaz inhibitörlerine daha iyi cevap verir. Bu derlemede epidermal büyüme faktörün küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanserindeki öngörüsel ve prognostik rolü değerlendirilecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanseri, epidermal büyüme faktör reseptörü, tirozin kinaz inhibitörleri

Kaynakça

• Pikor LA, Ramnarine VR, Lam S, Lam WL. Genetic alterations
• defining NSCLC subtypes and their therapeutic implications.
• Lung Cancer 2013;82:179-189.
• Petersen I. The morphological and molecular diagnosis of
• lung cancer. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011;108:525-531.
• Koudelakova V, Kneblova M, Trojanec R, et al. Non-small
• cell lung cancer-genetic predictors. Biomed Pap Med Fac
• Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2013;157:125-136.
• Cooper WA, Lam DC, O’Toole SA, Minna JD. Molecular
• biology of lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2013;5:479-490.
• Vijayalakshmi R, Krishnamurthy A. Targetable “driver” mutations
• in non small cell lung cancer. Indian J Surg Oncol
• ;2:178-188.
• Inal A, Karakus A, Kaplan AM, et al. A retrospective
• evaluation of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Dicle med J
• ;39:552-556.
• Soria JC, Mok TS, Cappuzzo F, Jänne PA. EGFR-mutated
• oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer: current
• trends and future prospects. Cancer Treat Rev 2012;38:416-
• -
• Massarelli E, Johnson FM, Erickson HS, et al. Uncommon
• epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non small
• cell lung cancer an their mechanisms of EGFR tyrosine
• kinase inhibitors sensitivity and resistance. Lung Cancer
• ;80:235-41.
• Remon J, Moran T, Majem , et al. Acquired resistance to epidermal
• growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in
• EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a new era begins.
• Cancer Treat Rev 2014;40:93-101.
• Ahmed ZA, Moatter T, Siddiqui A, Pervez S. Distribution
• of EGFR Mutations Commonly Observed in Primary Lung
• Adenocarcinomas in Pakistan as Predictors for Targeted
• Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014;15:7125-7128.
• Cadranel J, Ruppert AM, Beau-Faller M, Wislez M. Therapeutic
• strategy for advanced EGFR mutant non-small-cell
• lung carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013;88:477-493.
• Chi A, Remick S, Tse W. EGFR inhibition in non-small cell
• lung cancer: current and future directions. Biomark Res
• ;1:2-7.
• Greulich H, Chen TH, Feng W, et al. Oncogenic transformation
• by inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant EGFR mutants.
• PLoS Med 2005; 2:313-317.
• Ji H, Li D, Chen L, et al.The impact of human EGFR kinase
• domain mutations on lung tumorigenesis and in vivo
• sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapies. Cancer Cell 2006;
• :485-495.
• Pendharkar D, Ausekar BV, Gupta S. Molecular biology of
• lung cancer-a review. Indian J Surg Oncol 2013;4:120-124.
• Berger LA, Riesenberg H, Bokemeyer C, Atanackovic D.
• CNS metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer: current role
• of EGFR-TKI therapy and future perspectives. Lung Cancer
• ;80:242-248.
• Takahashi T, Sonobe M, Kobayashi M, et al. Clinicopathologic
• features of non-small-cell lung cancer with EML4-
• ALK fusion gene. Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17:889-897.
• Zhang Q, Dai HH, Dong HY, et al. EGFR mutations and
• clinical outcomes of chemotherapy for advanced non-small
• cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:
• -345
• Moran C. Importance of molecular features of non-small
• cell lung cancer for choice of treatment. Am J Pathol
• ;178:1940-1948.
• Krawczyk P, Mlak R, Powrózek T, et al. Mechanisms of resistance
• to reversible inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase in
• non-small cell lung cancer. Contemp Oncol 2012;16:401-
• -
• Capra M, Nuciforo PG, Confalonieri S, et al. Frequent alterations
• in the expression of serine/threonine kinases in
• human cancers. Cancer Res 2006;15:147-154.
• Li T, Kung HJ, Mack PC, Gandara DR. Genotyping and
• genomic profiling of non-small-cell lung cancer: implications
• for current and future therapies. J Clin Oncol
• ;10:1039-1049.
• Melosky B. Review of EGFRTKIs in Metastatic NSCLC,
• Including Ongoing Trials. Front Oncol 2014;4:244-249.
• Chen G, Kronenberger P, Teugels E, et al. Targeting the epidermal
• growth factor receptor in non-small cell lung cancer
• cells: the effect of combining RNA interference with tyrosine
• kinase inhibitors or cetuximab. BMC Med 2012;10:28-
• -
• Becker K, Xu Y. Management of tyrosine kinase inhibitor
• resistance in lung cancer with EGFR mutation. World J Clin
• Oncol 2014;10:560-567.
• Metro G, Chiari R, Duranti S, et al. Impact of specific mutant
• KRAS on clinical outcome of EGFR-TKI-treated advanced
• non-small cell lung cancer patients with an EGFR
• wild type genotype. Lung Cancer 2012;78:81-86.
• Zhao N, Zhang XC, Yan HH, et al. Efficacy of epidermal
• growth factor receptor inhibitors versus chemotherapy as
• second-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
• with wild-type EGFR: a meta-analysis of randomized
• controlled clinical trials. Lung Cancer 2014;85:66-73.
• Kobayashi S, Boggon TJ, Dayaram T, et al. EGFR mutation
• and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N
• Engl J Med 2005; 352: 786-792.
• Pao W, Miller VA, Politi KA, et al. Acquired resistance of
• lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib is associated
• with a second mutation in the EGFR kinasedomain. PLoS
• Med 2005;2:73-78.
• Yang SH. Molecular basis of drug resistance: epidermal
• growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anaplastic
• lymphoma kinase inhibitors. Tuberc Respir Dis
• ;75:188-198.
• Berger LA, Riesenberg H, Bokemeyer C, Atanackovic D.
• CNS metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer: current role
• of EGFR-TKI therapy and future perspectives. Lung Cancer
• ;80:242-248.
• Saijo N. Present status and problems on molecular targeted.
• Cancer Res Treat 2012;44:1-10.
• Zhang Z, Lee JC, Lin L, et al. Activation of the AXL kinase
• causes resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer.
• Nat Genet 2012;44:852-860.
• Nurwidya F, Takahashi F, Murakami A, Takahashi K. Epithelial
• mesenchymal transition in drug resistance and metastasisof
• lung cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2012;44:151-156.
• Nguyen KS, Neal JW, Wakelee H. Review of the current
• targeted therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer. World J
• Clin Oncol 2014;10:576-587.