THE PLACE OF “MUQTADA AL-HAL” IN THE INVITATION LANGUAGE AND ITS EFFECT ON COMMUNICATION
Öz
Since man has stepped on the earth, he has been in contact with other beings and other people as a social being. This excellent deal element between the source and the receiver also occurred between Allah the Almighty and the human He created. In addition to the nature of the transmitted message, whether oral or written, it is important to consider the status of the two main components of communication, the source / orator and the recipient / the addressee, in order to ensure that the communication is healthy and appropriate. In this context, Allah has addressed the societies in their own language. This reveals the importance of the communication ground between the source and the recipient. As understood from the way of Allah’s addressing, it is also necessary to take into account the message and style of delivery. When looked at the period and stylistic features of the Qur’an, it will be seen that the style in which it was revealed is in harmony with the style. From this point of view, the Qur’an was sent down in a period when poverty and eloquence was at its peak, at a time when poets and orators appeared in fairs where the heart of the economy was beating. The most favorite poems of the fairs were hung on the wall of the Ka’bah, thus the poets and orators were given an important position. The Qur’an used the style of this period to such an extent that it made the interlocutors helpless and silenced them all. When we look at the style of the Qur’an, rhetoric, in other words the presence of the rhetoric-laden speech is remarkable. This points to the importance of the way in which the message is transmitted and its nature match the communication area of the addressee. As a matter of fact, the Word of Allah draws attention to the way the message is conveyed as well as the importance of its nature by stating, “Those men, -Allah knows what is in their hearts; so keep clear of them, but admonish them, and speak to them a word to reach their very souls.” (Nisa, 4/63) At this stage, the phenomenon of muqtada al-hal, which is the main element of the science of eloquence, comes to the fore. Likewise, in the following verses, the Almighty Allah emphasized that the invitees should consider the situation of the listeners: “Go, you and your brother, with My signs and do not slacken in My remembrance. Go, both of you, to Pharaoh. Indeed, he has transgressed. And speak to him with gentle speech that perhaps he may be reminded or fear [Allah].” (Ta-Ha, 20/42-44). As in the verses, Allah the Almighty emphasizes that the situation of the addressee should be taken into consideration. Muqtada al-hal is one of the important concepts of eloquence. Today, Muslim societies continue their efforts to establish sound communication platforms for communication with people inside and abroad. Since the same communication ground is not shared with the addressed masses, the transmitted message causes opposite reactions rather than being understood. At this stage, it will be more beneficial to return to the method of the Qur’an. In this respect, knowing the state of the interlocutor and establishing a communication basis accordingly will enable the establishment of effective communication. It is an unquestionable fact that the “invitation” should have a special language field. Especially in the global context, when mass media makes communication multifaceted, the need has arisen to create an invitation language field without contradicting with the religious principles or boring the recipient/addressee. Here, in addition to the style of the source/preacher, the importance of the status of the recipient/ the addressee becomes apparent as well. In this context, individual and social psychology should be analyzed well. The data of Islamic sciences both inherited from the past and those produced by today’s modern world should be used. This article aims to open a door to the efforts to create an application area in today’s world in the field of invitation language in the communication axis. While doing this, it takes into consideration the classical rhetoric understanding. The aim is to create a new approach based on Arabic language and eloquence. With this new approach, it will be possible to point out the importance of reflecting the scientific knowledge in the scientific field to studies at the social level.
Anahtar Kelimeler
MUKTEZAY-I HALİN DAVET DİLİNDEKİ YERİ VE İLETİŞİME ETKİSİ
Öz
İnsanın ayırt edici özellikleri arasında yer alan iletişim belirli öncüller göz önüne alınarak icra edilmelidir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm de fesahat ve belagatin önde olduğu bir topluma hitaben bu öncülleri kullanmıştır. Bu Kur’ânî yöntemden de anlaşıldığı gibi genel anlamda muhatabın durumu önem arz etmektedir. Kur’ân’ın da muhatabın durumunu göz önüne alarak hitapta bulunması iletişim sırasında, belagatte “sözün söylendiği yerin ve zamanın gereklerine uygun olması”nı ifade eden muktezay-ı halin, dikkate alınması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bu husus dikkate alınarak son dönemlerde sıkça dile getirilen davet dilinin/alanın teşekkül edilmesi konusunda ve niteliği hakkında ipuçları elde edilebilir. Hz. Peygamberde tebliğ, ümmette ise irşâd, vaaz, nasihat vb. kavramlarla İslâm’ın aktarılması ve İslâm’a çağrı olarak ifade edilen “davet”in özel bir dil alanına sahip olması gerektiği şüphe götürmez bir gerçektir. Bu makalede klasik belagat anlayışının önemli öncülü olan muktezây-ı hal ve modern dünyanın önde gelen bilimlerinden iletişim biliminin kesiştiği noktadan hareketle günümüzde yeni bir hitap alanı oluşturma çabalarına bu zaviyeden bir nebze de olsa katkı sağlanmaya çalışılacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
çalışmalarınızda başarılar diliyorum şimdiden ilginiz için teşekkür ediyorum.
