EBÛ HANÎFE’NİN SORULARI

Öz

Bu makale, Ebû Hanîfe’nin (ö. 150/767) İslâm hukukunun gelişimine katkısını ‘hukukî soru’ veya ‘mesele’ çalışmasıyla değerlendirmektedir. İlk bölüm, Ebû Hanîfe’nin sorularının doğasını ve kabulünü göstermek için anekdot niteliğinde açıklamalar sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, Ebû Hanîfe’nin sorularının öğrencilerinin, özellikle Muhammed bin Hasan eş-Şeybânî’nin (ö. 189/805) yazıları aracılığıyla yayılmasını da incelemektedir. İkinci bölüm, abdest alırken mestlerin (deri çorapların) mesh edilmesi konusunu ele alan hukukî soruların gelişimine yönelik araştırmaları (1) İslâm’ın ilk iki buçuk yüzyılındaki hukuki soruların gelişimini, (2) hukuk okullarının en önemli ikinci ve üçüncü yüzyıl metinlerinde ele aldığı soruların niteliğini ve (3) hukuk okullarının klasik dönem hukuk derlemelerinde temel okul doktrinini oluşturan soruları değerlendirerek sunmaktadır. Makale, Ebû Hanîfe’nin sorularının, hukukun çeşitli konularını ele alan yapılandırılmış hukukî soruların geliştirilmesinde en açık nedensel etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna varırken, rakip hukuk çevrelerinin sadece Ebû Hanîfe’nin sorularını taklit etmekle kalmayıp, daha ziyade kendi yasal proje anlayışlarını yansıtan sorular geliştirdiğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ebû Hanîfe
• eş-Şeybânî
• Mesele
• el-Asl
• el-Ümm

THE QUESTIONS OF ABŪ HANĪFA

Öz

This article assesses the contribution of Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 150/767) to the development of Islamic law through a study of the ‘legal question’, or masʾala. The first section presents anecdotal accounts to illustrate the nature and reception of Abū Ḥanīfa’s questions. It also studies the spread of Abū Ḥanīfa’s questions through the writings of his students, particularly Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī (d. 189/805). The second section presents investigations into the development of legal questions addressing the topic of wiping over khuffs (leather socks) in ritual ablutions, assessing (1) the development of legal questions in the first two-and-a-half centuries of Islam, (2) the nature of questions addressed by key second- and third-century texts of the legal schools, and (3) the questions that constituted core school doctrine in classical-era mukhtaṣars (legal digests) of the schools of law. The article concludes that Abū Ḥanīfa’s questions had the clearest causative effect on the development of structured legal questions addressing the various topics of law, while highlighting that competing juristic circles did not merely mimic Abū Ḥanīfa’s questions, but, rather, developed questions that reflected their own conceptions of the legal project.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Abū Ḥanīfa
• al-Shaybānī
• Masʾala
• al-Aṣl
• al-Umm

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