BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Synchronic Grammar Writing and the Irregularities in Turkey Turkish Grammar

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 14, 75 - 96, 01.06.2014

Öz

This article deals with the irregularities in Turkey Turkish. Initially, the concept of irregularity is explained according to different approaches in linguistics. Additionally, the irregularities in Turkey Turkish are listed. Finally, the relation between irregularity and synchronic grammar writing is discussed. This study mainly argues that the irregularities in grammar should be reflected to grammars. It also claims that the synchronic grammar writing causes some problems in describing and explaining the irregularities. In the article, it is emphasized that while the synchronic grammar writing perspective should be used to identify the linguistic regularities, the diachronic grammar writing perspective should be used to explain the causes of irregularities

Kaynakça

  • AIKHENVALD, Alexandra (2007). “Typological Distinctions in Word-Formation”. Language Typology. (Shopen, T. (eds.))., Volume 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University: 1-65.
  • AKASLAN, Talat (2012). Dilbilim “Dil Kirlenmesi” Türkçe. İzmir: Dinozor Kitabevi.
  • ARONOFF, Mark - Fudeman, Kirsten (2011). What is Morphology?. Oxford-Malden: Wiley- Blackwell.
  • ASLAN DEMİR, Sema (2006). “Türkiye Türkçesinin Morfonolojisi Üzerine”. Türk Dili, 654: 546-557.
  • BANGUOĞLU, Tahsin (1998). Türkçenin Grameri. Ankara: TDK.
  • BLEVINS, James - BLEVINS, Juliette (2009). “Introduction: Analogy in Grammar”. Analogy in Grammar (Blevins, James - Blevins, Juliette (eds.)). New York: Oxford University: 1-12.
  • BLOOMFIELD, Leonard (1933). Language. London: George Allen-Unwin Ltd. [İngiltere baskısı 1973].
  • BLUST, Robert (1996). “The Neogrammarian Hypothesis and Pandemic Irregularity”. The Comparative Method Reviewed: Regularity and Irregularity in Language Change (Durie, Mark - Ross, Malcolm (eds.)). New York - Oxford: Oxford University: 135-156.
  • BUSSMANN H. (2006). Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Çev. G. Trauth-K. Kazzazi. London-New York: Routledge.
  • BYBEE, Joan (2007). Frequency of Use and the Organization of Language. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • BYBEE, Joan (2010). Language, Use and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • BYNON, Theodora (2004). Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • CAMPBELL, Lyle (2007). “The History of Linguistics”. The Handbook of Linguistics. (Aronoff, Mark - Rees Miller, Janie (eds)). Blackwell Publishing. Blackwell Reference Online.
  • CLEMENTS, George - SEZER, Engin (1982). “Vowel and Consonant Disharmony in Turkish”. The Structure of Phonological Representations, Part II. (Harry van der Hulst - Norval Smith (eds.)). Dordrecht: Foris: 213-255.
  • CRYSTAL, David (2008). A Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Malden-Oxford: Blackwell.
  • DEMİR, Nurettin (2003). “Popüler Dil Tartışmalarına Dil İlişkileri Acısından Bakış”. Cumhuriyetimizin 80. Yılında Türkçemiz. (Ankara Ticaret Odası-Anadolu Çağdaş Eğitim Vakfı.) Ankara: 37-44.
  • de SAUSSURE, Ferdinand (1998). Genel Dilbilim Dersleri. Çev. Berke Vardar. İstanbul: Multilingual.
  • DIK, Simon (1992). Functional Grammar in Prolog. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • DURIE, Mark - ROSS, Malcolm (1996). “Introduction”. The Comparative Method Reviewed: Regularity and Irregularity in Language Change (Durie, Mark - Ross, Malcolm (eds.)). New York - Oxford: Oxford University: 3-38.
  • EDİSKUN, Haydar (1999). Türk Dilbilgisi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • EKER, Süer (2003). Çağdaş Türk Dili. Ankara: Grafiker.
  • ENGELBERT, Stefan (2005). “Analogical Change”. Encyclopedia of Linguistics (Strazny, P. (eds.)). New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, Taylor - Francis: 46-48.
  • ERCİLASUN, A. Bican (2000). “Türkiye Türkçesinde Yardımcı Ses”. Hasan Eren Armağanı, Ankara: TDK: 128-135.
  • ERGİN, Muharrem (1993). Türk Dil Bilgisi. İstanbul: Bayrak.
  • ERSEN-RASCH, Margarete I. (2011). Türkisch für Fortgeschrittene. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • FILLMORE, Charles J. - KAY, Paul - O’CONNOR, Mary Catherine (1988). “Regularity and Idiomaticity in Grammar: The Case of Let Alone”. Language, 64: 501-538.
  • GENCAN, Tahir Nejat (2001). Dilbilgisi. İstanbul: Ayraç.
  • GÖKSEL, Aslı - KERSLAKE, Celia (2005). Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar. London: Routledge.
  • GÜLSEVİN, Gürer (2004). “Türkçede ‘Sıra Dışı Ekler’ ve Eklerin Tasnif-Tanımlanma Sorunu Üzerine”. V. Uluslararası Türk Dili Kurultayı Bildirileri I. Ankara: TDK: 1267-1284.
  • HALLIDAY, M. A. K. - MATHIESSEN, C. (2004). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. New York: Hodder Arnaud.
  • HASPELMATH, Martin (2002). Understanding Morphology. New York: Oxford University.
  • HEINE, Bernard - KUTEVA, Tania (2007). The Genesis of Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • HEß, Michael Reinhard (2011). “Towards Explaining Double Passive Marking in Turkish Possibility Verbs”. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung., 64 (3): 257-286.
  • HIMMELMANN, Nikolaus P. (1998). “Regularity in Irregularity: Article Use in Adpositional Phrases”. Linguistic Typology, 2: 315-353.
  • INKELAS, Sharon - ORGUN, Cemil Orhan - ZOLL, Cheryl (1996). “Exceptions and Static Phonological Patterns: Cophonologies vs. Prespecification”. ROA.
  • INKELAS, Sharon (1999). “Exceptional Stress-attracting Suffixes in Turkish: Representations vs. the Grammar”. The Prosody-Morphology Interface (René Kager, Harry van der Hulst, Wim Zonneveld (eds.)). Cambridge: Cambridge University: 134-187.
  • JACKENDORF, Ray S. (1975). “Morphological and Semantic Regularities in the Lexicon”. Language, 51: 639-671.
  • JESPERSEN, Otto (1894). Progress in Language. London: Swan Sonnenschein.
  • JESPERSEN, Otto (1924). The Philosophy of Grammar. New York: Henry Holt.
  • JOHANSON, Lars (1977). “Türkçede Önceden Kestirilemez Nitelikteki Allomorflar”. TDAY Belleten. Ankara: TDK: 121-126.
  • JOHANSON, Lars (2011). “Why Don’t They Meet Face to Face? On Hiatus-Preventing Allomorphy in Turkish and Its Relatives”. Puzzles of Language. (Erguvanlı Taylan, E. - Rona, B. (eds.)). Wiesbaden: Harrosowitz-Verlag: 23-35.
  • KABAK, Barış (2001). Vowel Disharmony and Vowel Sub-systems in Turkish. Ms. University of Delaware.
  • KABAK, Barış (2011). “Turkish Vowel Harmony”. The Blackwell Companion to Phonology. (van Oostendorp, Marc vd. (eds)). Blackwell Publishing. Blackwell Reference Online.
  • KABAK, B. - VOGEL, I. (2011). “Exceptions to Stress and Harmony in Turkish: Cophonologies or Prespecification?”. Expecting the Unexpected: Exceptions in Grammar (Simon, H. - Wiese H. (eds.)). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 59-94.
  • KAHRAMAN, Tahir (2009). Çağdaş Türkiye Türkçesi Dil Bilgisi. İzmir.
  • KARAAĞAÇ, Günay (1998). “Türkçede Düzensiz Ses Değişmeleri”. Türk Dili, 562: 267- 273.
  • KARADEMİR, Fevzi (2011). “Eş Zamanlı Bakışla Türkiye Türkçesinde Yardımcı Ünsüzler”. Turkish Studies, 6/2: 561-598.
  • KARAHAN, Leyla (2004). Türkçede Söz Dizimi. Ankara: Akçağ.
  • KERİMOĞLU, Caner (2009). “Özne Yüklem Uyumu Bakımından Farklı Bir Cümle Tipi”. Turkish Studies, 3/7: 749-756.
  • KERİMOĞLU, Caner (2011). Kiplik İncelemeleri ve Türkçe. İzmir: Dinozor Kitabevi.
  • KIBRE, Nicholas (1999). “Between Regular and Irregular”. Functialism and Formalism in Linguistics (Darnell, M. (eds.)). Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins: 130-149.
  • KIEFER, Ferenc (2000). “Regularity”. Morphology (Booij, Geert vd. (eds)). Volume I, Berlin - New York: Walter de Gruyter: 296-302.
  • KOCH, Harold (1996). “Reconstruction in Morphology”. The Comparative Method Reviewed: Regularity and Irregularity in Language Change (Durie, Mark - Ross, Malcolm (eds.)). New York - Oxford: Oxford University: 218-263.
  • KORKMAZ, Zeynep (2003). Türkiye Türkçesi Grameri. Ankara: TDK.
  • KORNFILT, Jaklin (1997). Turkish, Londra-New York: Routledge.
  • KROEGER, Paul (2005). Analyzing Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • QUIRK, Randolph (2004). “Descriptive Statement and Serial Relationship”. Fuzzy Grammar (Aarts, B. vd. (eds.)). Oxford: Oxford University: 327-340
  • LAKOFF, George (1970). Irregularity in Syntax. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • LANGACKER, Ronald (2008). Cognitive Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • LANGACKER, Ronald (2009). Investigations in Cognitive Grammar. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • LYONS, John (1983). Kuramsal Dilbilime Giriş. Çev. Ahmet Kocaman. Ankara: TDK.
  • NORDE, Muriel (2001). “The Loss of Lexical Case in Swedish”. Grammatical Relations in Change (Faarlund, T. (eds.)). Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins: 241-272.
  • NORDE, Muriel (2009). Degrammaticalization. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • ÖZKAN, Fatma - MUSA, Bağdagül (2004). “Yabancı Dillerin Türkçenin Söz Dizimi Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Bilig, 30: 95-139.
  • PALMER, Frank (1986). Grammar. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • RADFORD, A. - Atkinson, M. - Britain, D. - Clahsen, H. - Spencer, A. (2009). Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • ROBINS, R. (1964). General Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University.
  • ROBINS, R. (2000). “Classical Antiquity”. Morphology (Booij, Geert vd. (eds.)). Volume I, Berlin - New York: Walter de Gruyter: 52-66.
  • SIMON, H. - WIESE, H. (2011). “What Are Exceptions? And What Can Be Done About Them?”. Expecting the Unexpected: Exceptions in Grammar (Simon, H. - Wiese H. (eds.)). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 3-30.
  • STUMP, Gregory (2007). “Inflection”. The Handbook of Morphology. (Spencer, Andrew - Arnold, M. Zwicky (eds.)). Blackwell Publishing, Blackwell Reference Online.
  • TEKİN, Talât (1995). Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler. İstanbul: Simurg.
  • TEKİN, Talât (2000). “Türkçede Kaynaştırma Sesleri”. XII. Dilbilim Kurultay Bildirileri. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi: 109-112.
  • TEKİN, Talât (2005). Makaleler 3. Ankara: Grafiker.
  • TRASK, R. L. (1999). Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. London-New York: Routledge.
  • TRAUGOTT, Elizabeth C. - DASHER, Richard (2002). Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • TUNA, Osman Nedim (1986). “Türkçede Transitive - Causative “Geçişli-Ettirgen” Fiiller ve Bunlarla İlgili Morfoloji ve Öğretim Meselelerinin Çözümü”. İÜ Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi XXIV-XXV: 381-427.
  • van der HULST, Harry - van de WEIJER, Jeroen (1991). “Topics in Turkish Phonology”. Turkish Linguistics Today. (H.E. Boeschoten - L.T. Verhoeven (eds.)). Leiden: E.J. Brill: 11-59.
  • VAUX, Bert - COOPER, Justin (2003). Linguistic Field Methods. Münih: Lincom Eurepa.
  • WILKINS, David (1996). “Natural Tendencies of Semantic Change and the Search for Cognates”. The Comparative Method Reviewed: Regularity and Irregularity in Language Change (Durie, Mark - Ross, Malcolm (eds.)). New York - Oxford: Oxford University: 264-306.

Türkiye Türkçesi Gramerindeki Düzensizlikler ve Eş Zamanlı Gramer Yazımı

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 14, 75 - 96, 01.06.2014

Öz

Bu çalışma Türkiye Türkçesi gramerindeki düzensizlikleri ele almaktadır. İlk olarak düzensizlik kavramı dünya dilbilimi geleneğindeki yaklaşımlarla açıklanmış, ardından Türkiye Türkçesindeki düzensizlik örnekleri sıralanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde eş zamanlı gramer yazımının düzensizliklerle ilgili yeterliliği tartışılmıştır. Çalışma, düzensizliklerin de gramerlere yansıtılması gerektiğini savunurken, modern dilbilimindeki eş zamanlı gramer anlayışının özellikle düzensizliklerin aktarılması ve açıklanmasında sorunlara yol açtığını ileri sürmektedir. İncelemede dildeki düzenliliklerin belirlenmesinde eş zamanlı gramer yazma yönteminin kullanılması gerektiği vurgulanmış, düzensizliklerin açıklanmasında art zamanlılığın da dikkate alınması yönünde bir öneride bulunulmuştur

Kaynakça

  • AIKHENVALD, Alexandra (2007). “Typological Distinctions in Word-Formation”. Language Typology. (Shopen, T. (eds.))., Volume 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University: 1-65.
  • AKASLAN, Talat (2012). Dilbilim “Dil Kirlenmesi” Türkçe. İzmir: Dinozor Kitabevi.
  • ARONOFF, Mark - Fudeman, Kirsten (2011). What is Morphology?. Oxford-Malden: Wiley- Blackwell.
  • ASLAN DEMİR, Sema (2006). “Türkiye Türkçesinin Morfonolojisi Üzerine”. Türk Dili, 654: 546-557.
  • BANGUOĞLU, Tahsin (1998). Türkçenin Grameri. Ankara: TDK.
  • BLEVINS, James - BLEVINS, Juliette (2009). “Introduction: Analogy in Grammar”. Analogy in Grammar (Blevins, James - Blevins, Juliette (eds.)). New York: Oxford University: 1-12.
  • BLOOMFIELD, Leonard (1933). Language. London: George Allen-Unwin Ltd. [İngiltere baskısı 1973].
  • BLUST, Robert (1996). “The Neogrammarian Hypothesis and Pandemic Irregularity”. The Comparative Method Reviewed: Regularity and Irregularity in Language Change (Durie, Mark - Ross, Malcolm (eds.)). New York - Oxford: Oxford University: 135-156.
  • BUSSMANN H. (2006). Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Çev. G. Trauth-K. Kazzazi. London-New York: Routledge.
  • BYBEE, Joan (2007). Frequency of Use and the Organization of Language. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • BYBEE, Joan (2010). Language, Use and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • BYNON, Theodora (2004). Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • CAMPBELL, Lyle (2007). “The History of Linguistics”. The Handbook of Linguistics. (Aronoff, Mark - Rees Miller, Janie (eds)). Blackwell Publishing. Blackwell Reference Online.
  • CLEMENTS, George - SEZER, Engin (1982). “Vowel and Consonant Disharmony in Turkish”. The Structure of Phonological Representations, Part II. (Harry van der Hulst - Norval Smith (eds.)). Dordrecht: Foris: 213-255.
  • CRYSTAL, David (2008). A Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Malden-Oxford: Blackwell.
  • DEMİR, Nurettin (2003). “Popüler Dil Tartışmalarına Dil İlişkileri Acısından Bakış”. Cumhuriyetimizin 80. Yılında Türkçemiz. (Ankara Ticaret Odası-Anadolu Çağdaş Eğitim Vakfı.) Ankara: 37-44.
  • de SAUSSURE, Ferdinand (1998). Genel Dilbilim Dersleri. Çev. Berke Vardar. İstanbul: Multilingual.
  • DIK, Simon (1992). Functional Grammar in Prolog. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • DURIE, Mark - ROSS, Malcolm (1996). “Introduction”. The Comparative Method Reviewed: Regularity and Irregularity in Language Change (Durie, Mark - Ross, Malcolm (eds.)). New York - Oxford: Oxford University: 3-38.
  • EDİSKUN, Haydar (1999). Türk Dilbilgisi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • EKER, Süer (2003). Çağdaş Türk Dili. Ankara: Grafiker.
  • ENGELBERT, Stefan (2005). “Analogical Change”. Encyclopedia of Linguistics (Strazny, P. (eds.)). New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, Taylor - Francis: 46-48.
  • ERCİLASUN, A. Bican (2000). “Türkiye Türkçesinde Yardımcı Ses”. Hasan Eren Armağanı, Ankara: TDK: 128-135.
  • ERGİN, Muharrem (1993). Türk Dil Bilgisi. İstanbul: Bayrak.
  • ERSEN-RASCH, Margarete I. (2011). Türkisch für Fortgeschrittene. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • FILLMORE, Charles J. - KAY, Paul - O’CONNOR, Mary Catherine (1988). “Regularity and Idiomaticity in Grammar: The Case of Let Alone”. Language, 64: 501-538.
  • GENCAN, Tahir Nejat (2001). Dilbilgisi. İstanbul: Ayraç.
  • GÖKSEL, Aslı - KERSLAKE, Celia (2005). Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar. London: Routledge.
  • GÜLSEVİN, Gürer (2004). “Türkçede ‘Sıra Dışı Ekler’ ve Eklerin Tasnif-Tanımlanma Sorunu Üzerine”. V. Uluslararası Türk Dili Kurultayı Bildirileri I. Ankara: TDK: 1267-1284.
  • HALLIDAY, M. A. K. - MATHIESSEN, C. (2004). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. New York: Hodder Arnaud.
  • HASPELMATH, Martin (2002). Understanding Morphology. New York: Oxford University.
  • HEINE, Bernard - KUTEVA, Tania (2007). The Genesis of Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • HEß, Michael Reinhard (2011). “Towards Explaining Double Passive Marking in Turkish Possibility Verbs”. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung., 64 (3): 257-286.
  • HIMMELMANN, Nikolaus P. (1998). “Regularity in Irregularity: Article Use in Adpositional Phrases”. Linguistic Typology, 2: 315-353.
  • INKELAS, Sharon - ORGUN, Cemil Orhan - ZOLL, Cheryl (1996). “Exceptions and Static Phonological Patterns: Cophonologies vs. Prespecification”. ROA.
  • INKELAS, Sharon (1999). “Exceptional Stress-attracting Suffixes in Turkish: Representations vs. the Grammar”. The Prosody-Morphology Interface (René Kager, Harry van der Hulst, Wim Zonneveld (eds.)). Cambridge: Cambridge University: 134-187.
  • JACKENDORF, Ray S. (1975). “Morphological and Semantic Regularities in the Lexicon”. Language, 51: 639-671.
  • JESPERSEN, Otto (1894). Progress in Language. London: Swan Sonnenschein.
  • JESPERSEN, Otto (1924). The Philosophy of Grammar. New York: Henry Holt.
  • JOHANSON, Lars (1977). “Türkçede Önceden Kestirilemez Nitelikteki Allomorflar”. TDAY Belleten. Ankara: TDK: 121-126.
  • JOHANSON, Lars (2011). “Why Don’t They Meet Face to Face? On Hiatus-Preventing Allomorphy in Turkish and Its Relatives”. Puzzles of Language. (Erguvanlı Taylan, E. - Rona, B. (eds.)). Wiesbaden: Harrosowitz-Verlag: 23-35.
  • KABAK, Barış (2001). Vowel Disharmony and Vowel Sub-systems in Turkish. Ms. University of Delaware.
  • KABAK, Barış (2011). “Turkish Vowel Harmony”. The Blackwell Companion to Phonology. (van Oostendorp, Marc vd. (eds)). Blackwell Publishing. Blackwell Reference Online.
  • KABAK, B. - VOGEL, I. (2011). “Exceptions to Stress and Harmony in Turkish: Cophonologies or Prespecification?”. Expecting the Unexpected: Exceptions in Grammar (Simon, H. - Wiese H. (eds.)). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 59-94.
  • KAHRAMAN, Tahir (2009). Çağdaş Türkiye Türkçesi Dil Bilgisi. İzmir.
  • KARAAĞAÇ, Günay (1998). “Türkçede Düzensiz Ses Değişmeleri”. Türk Dili, 562: 267- 273.
  • KARADEMİR, Fevzi (2011). “Eş Zamanlı Bakışla Türkiye Türkçesinde Yardımcı Ünsüzler”. Turkish Studies, 6/2: 561-598.
  • KARAHAN, Leyla (2004). Türkçede Söz Dizimi. Ankara: Akçağ.
  • KERİMOĞLU, Caner (2009). “Özne Yüklem Uyumu Bakımından Farklı Bir Cümle Tipi”. Turkish Studies, 3/7: 749-756.
  • KERİMOĞLU, Caner (2011). Kiplik İncelemeleri ve Türkçe. İzmir: Dinozor Kitabevi.
  • KIBRE, Nicholas (1999). “Between Regular and Irregular”. Functialism and Formalism in Linguistics (Darnell, M. (eds.)). Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins: 130-149.
  • KIEFER, Ferenc (2000). “Regularity”. Morphology (Booij, Geert vd. (eds)). Volume I, Berlin - New York: Walter de Gruyter: 296-302.
  • KOCH, Harold (1996). “Reconstruction in Morphology”. The Comparative Method Reviewed: Regularity and Irregularity in Language Change (Durie, Mark - Ross, Malcolm (eds.)). New York - Oxford: Oxford University: 218-263.
  • KORKMAZ, Zeynep (2003). Türkiye Türkçesi Grameri. Ankara: TDK.
  • KORNFILT, Jaklin (1997). Turkish, Londra-New York: Routledge.
  • KROEGER, Paul (2005). Analyzing Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • QUIRK, Randolph (2004). “Descriptive Statement and Serial Relationship”. Fuzzy Grammar (Aarts, B. vd. (eds.)). Oxford: Oxford University: 327-340
  • LAKOFF, George (1970). Irregularity in Syntax. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • LANGACKER, Ronald (2008). Cognitive Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • LANGACKER, Ronald (2009). Investigations in Cognitive Grammar. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • LYONS, John (1983). Kuramsal Dilbilime Giriş. Çev. Ahmet Kocaman. Ankara: TDK.
  • NORDE, Muriel (2001). “The Loss of Lexical Case in Swedish”. Grammatical Relations in Change (Faarlund, T. (eds.)). Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins: 241-272.
  • NORDE, Muriel (2009). Degrammaticalization. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • ÖZKAN, Fatma - MUSA, Bağdagül (2004). “Yabancı Dillerin Türkçenin Söz Dizimi Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Bilig, 30: 95-139.
  • PALMER, Frank (1986). Grammar. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • RADFORD, A. - Atkinson, M. - Britain, D. - Clahsen, H. - Spencer, A. (2009). Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • ROBINS, R. (1964). General Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University.
  • ROBINS, R. (2000). “Classical Antiquity”. Morphology (Booij, Geert vd. (eds.)). Volume I, Berlin - New York: Walter de Gruyter: 52-66.
  • SIMON, H. - WIESE, H. (2011). “What Are Exceptions? And What Can Be Done About Them?”. Expecting the Unexpected: Exceptions in Grammar (Simon, H. - Wiese H. (eds.)). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 3-30.
  • STUMP, Gregory (2007). “Inflection”. The Handbook of Morphology. (Spencer, Andrew - Arnold, M. Zwicky (eds.)). Blackwell Publishing, Blackwell Reference Online.
  • TEKİN, Talât (1995). Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler. İstanbul: Simurg.
  • TEKİN, Talât (2000). “Türkçede Kaynaştırma Sesleri”. XII. Dilbilim Kurultay Bildirileri. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi: 109-112.
  • TEKİN, Talât (2005). Makaleler 3. Ankara: Grafiker.
  • TRASK, R. L. (1999). Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. London-New York: Routledge.
  • TRAUGOTT, Elizabeth C. - DASHER, Richard (2002). Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • TUNA, Osman Nedim (1986). “Türkçede Transitive - Causative “Geçişli-Ettirgen” Fiiller ve Bunlarla İlgili Morfoloji ve Öğretim Meselelerinin Çözümü”. İÜ Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi XXIV-XXV: 381-427.
  • van der HULST, Harry - van de WEIJER, Jeroen (1991). “Topics in Turkish Phonology”. Turkish Linguistics Today. (H.E. Boeschoten - L.T. Verhoeven (eds.)). Leiden: E.J. Brill: 11-59.
  • VAUX, Bert - COOPER, Justin (2003). Linguistic Field Methods. Münih: Lincom Eurepa.
  • WILKINS, David (1996). “Natural Tendencies of Semantic Change and the Search for Cognates”. The Comparative Method Reviewed: Regularity and Irregularity in Language Change (Durie, Mark - Ross, Malcolm (eds.)). New York - Oxford: Oxford University: 264-306.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Caner Kerimoğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 14

Kaynak Göster

APA Kerimoğlu, C. (2014). Türkiye Türkçesi Gramerindeki Düzensizlikler ve Eş Zamanlı Gramer Yazımı. Dil Araştırmaları, 14(14), 75-96.