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el-Bahru’l-Muhît’te İʻrâbu’l-Kur’ân: Bakara Sûresi Örneği

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The Grammatical Analysis of the Qur’an in al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ: A Case Study of Sūrat al-Baqara

Abstract

Language is one of the most fundamental elements in constructing the identity of human communities and connecting them to one another throughout history. It is an undeniable fact that language plays a central role in the transmission of each nation’s intellectual world, belief system, cultural heritage, and social values from generation to generation. In this respect, distortions occurring in a nation’s language are not limited merely to the lexical or structural level but directly affect the religious, cultural, and intellectual integrity of the society in question. Therefore, the protection and proper use of language also mean preserving the memory of a civilization. The rapid expansion of Islam over vast regions and the intense interaction of Arabs with various other nations also led to a number of challenges concerning the correct pronunciation, meaning, and grammatical usage of the Arabic language. These developments necessitated the emergence of scholarly works on Arabic grammar to prevent possible distortions and misunderstandings in the language. In particular, the sciences of nahw (syntax) and iʿrāb (grammatical analysis) became independent disciplines during this process. It is evident that iʿrāb al-Qur’ān studies, which focus on the lexical and syntactic analysis of the Qur’ān, hold a special place in the development of these linguistic sciences. In this context, among the classical works written in the field of iʿrāb al-Qur’ān, the al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, a tafsīr (Qur’ānic commentary) by Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī (d. 745/1344), occupies a distinguished position. The profound approach the author demonstrates in analyzing the grammatical structure of the Qur’ānic verses is of great significance not only in terms of Qur’ānic exegesis but also for Arabic grammar, nahw, and ṣarf (morphology). Indeed, al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ is considered not only a tafsīr but also a scholarly legacy of source value in the field of iʿrāb al-Qur’ān. This study systematically examines the method of iʿrāb followed by Abū Ḥayyān in the work, the linguistic principles he relied upon, the classical nahw sources he consulted, and the different grammatical schools—such as Basra and Kūfa—represented by the authors of those sources. In particular, the preferences the author made between these schools, the scholarly reasons behind each preference, the critiques he directed against various views, and the original linguistic analyses he developed are discussed in the context of iʿrāb al-Qur’ān. This provides valuable insight into the historical development and trajectory of the science of iʿrāb al-Qur’ān. Furthermore, the examples cited by Abū Ḥayyān in his iʿrāb explanations, his stance on variant readings (qirā’āt), his lexical and syntactic preferences, and the fact that he sometimes goes beyond grammar to offer evaluations on the semantic level are particularly noteworthy. In this respect, al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ can be considered a prime example of a syntax-centered exegetical approach within the classical tafsīr tradition. In the study, all these elements are addressed using a comparative method as far as possible. Additionally, the author’s contribution to linguistic sciences, particularly the field of iʿrāb al-Qur’ān, his scholarly methodology, and original interpretations are analyzed through a systematic assessment based on eight grammatical topics on which he especially focused in the iʿrāb of Sūrat al-Baqara, thereby presenting a comprehensive perspective.

Keywords

Arabic Language and Rhetoric , İʿrāb , naḥw , Iʿrāb al-Qurʾān , al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ , Abū Ḥayyān

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

ISNAD
İlge, Mahfuz. “el-Bahru’l-Muhît’te İʻrâbu’l-Kur’ân: Bakara Sûresi Örneği”. Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi 8/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 171-188. https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1731854.