İsa’nın Günah Keçisi Olarak Kabulünün Arka Planı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 249 - 272, 31.10.2024

Rabia Kocataş

Öz

Kurban ibadeti, kadim çağlardan günümüze kadar çeşitli kültür ve geleneklerde dinî uygulamaların temel taşı olmuştur. Canlı ya da cansız olarak sunulan kurbanlarla gerçekleşen bu ibadet biçimi, bireylerin ve toplulukların günahlarının kefaretini ödemeleri, ilahi lütuf aramaları ve Tanrı ile ilişkilerini yeniden kurmaları için bir araç olmuştur. Dahası, pek çok gelenekte bu kurbanlar, günahtan arınmayı ve manevi bağların yenilenmesini simgeleyen derin kefaret özellikleri taşımıştır. Bunun en belirgin örneği Yahudilikte Yom Kippur’da sunulan iki keçidir. Hıristiyanlıkta ise hayvan kurbanının yerini İsa’nın aldığı görülmektedir. İsa’nın hem kurbanlık kuzuyu hem de günah keçisini temsil etmesi ve çarmıhta canını vermesi, insanların günahının kefareti olarak görülmesi, kurban ibadetinin anlayışında ve uygulamasında önemli bir değişim olduğunu göstermektedir. Makale temel olarak Yeni Ahit’in, İsa’nın çarmıhta ölümünü kurban düşüncesi bağlamında nasıl resmettiğini ve erken dönem Hıristiyanlarının İsa’nın çarmıhta kurban edilmesini nasıl yorumladıklarını açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. İsa’nın kurbanlığının arka planının anlaşılması için Hitit, Yunan ve Roma geleneklerinde günah keçisi uygulamasının nasıl gerçekleştiği, Yahudilikteki kefaret kurbanı, günahın aktarılabilirliği ve temsilî acı çekme konuları ele alınacaktır. Bu bağlamda günah keçisi kavramının kadim geleneklerden Hıristiyanlığa nasıl geldiği, nasıl etki ettiği ve Hıristiyanlığın bu düşünceye kendi teolojik düşünce sisteminde nasıl yeni anlamlar kazandırdığı ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Hıristiyanlık, Yahudilik, Kefaret Kurbanı, Günah Keçisi

The Background of the Idea Jesus Being a Scapegoat

Öz

The worship of sacrifice has been the cornerstone of religious practices in various cultures and traditions from ancient times to the present day. This form of worship, which involves sacrifices offered as living or non-living, has served as a means for individuals and communities to atone for their sins, seek divine grace, and rebuild their relationship with God. Moreover, in many traditions, these sacrifices had profound penance characteristics, symbolizing the cleansing of sin and the renewal of spiritual bonds. The most obvious example of this is the two goats offered on Yom Kippur in Judaism. In Christianity, it is seen that Jesus replaced animal sacrifice. The fact that Jesus represents both the sacrificial lamb and the scapegoat and that his death on the cross is believed to be the atonement for people’s sins shows that there is a significant change in the understanding and practice of sacrificial worship. The article basically aims to understand how the New Testament portrays Jesus’ death on the cross in the context of the idea of sacrifice and how early Christians interpreted Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross. In order to understand the background of Jesus’ sacrifice, how the scapegoat practice took place in the Hittite, Greek and Roman traditions, the atoning sacrifice in Judaism, the transferability of sin and representative suffering will be discussed. In this context, it will be tried to reveal how the concept of scapegoat came from ancient traditions, and how Christianity gave this idea new meanings in its own theological thought system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, Christianity, Judaism, Sacrifice of Atonement, Scapegoat

Kaynakça

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