Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi

Simge Durmuşlar; Betül Akcabaş

doi:10.21306/jids.2017.1.27

Periodontal Diseases in Children and Adolescents and Adulthood Effect

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 1, 8 - 16, 01.01.2017

Simge Durmuşlar Betül Akcabaş

https://doi.org/10.21306/jids.2017.1.27

Öz

Periodontal disease is common and one of the major health problems that affects the entire human population. It is frequently seen in children and adolescents as in adults and particularly the prevalence of gingivitis can be similar to or greater than dental caries. Knowing of characteristics of periodontal diseases and related systemic and genetic factors in children and adolescents is important for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The initial phase of a periodontal disease in children may be a sign of advanced periodontal disease in adulthood. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment play key role to prevent future probable periodontal problems and reduce prevalence

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adolescent, Child, Gingivitis, Periodontitis.

Kaynakça

1. Nowzari H, Botero JE. Latin America: Native populations affected by early onset periodontal disease. J Calif Dent Assoc 2011; 39: 383–391.
2. Albandar JM, Brunelle JA, Kingman A. Destructive periodontal disease in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States. J Periodontol 1999; 70: 13-29.
3. Montandon A, Zuza E, Toledo BE. Prevalence and reasons for tooth loss in a simple from a dental clinic in Brazil. Int J Dent 2012; 2012: 719750.
4. Çalışır M, Akpınar A. Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2013; 16: 226-234.
5. Research, Science and Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology. Guideline For Treatment of Plaque-induced Gingivitis, Chronic Periodontitis, and Other Clinical Conditions. J Periodontol 2001; 72: 1790- 1800.
6. Botero JE, Rosing CK, Duque A, Jaramillo A, Contreras A. Periodontal disease in children and adolescents of Latin America. Periodontol 2000 2015; 67: 34–57.
7. Ramberg P, Sekino S, Uzel NG, Socransky S, Lindhe J. Bacterial colonization during de novo plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30: 990–995.
8. Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet 2005; 366: 1809–1820.
9. Kubar A, Saygun I, Özdemir A, Yapar M, Slots J. Realtime polymerase chain reaction quantification of human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in periodontal pockets and the adjacent gingiva of periodontitis lesions. J Periodontal Res 2005; 40; 97–104.
10. Psoter WJ, Spielman AL, Gebrian B, St Jean R, Katz RV. Effect of malnutrition on salivary flow and pH. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53: 231-237.
11. Cabanilla L, Molinari G. Clinical considerations in the Management of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases in Children and Adolescents. J Dent Child 2009; 76: 101-108.
12. Karaman T. Çocukluk ve Puberte Çağında Periodontal Durum ve Ağız Kokusunun Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2006.
13. Carranza FA. Gingival diseases in childhood. In: Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, editors. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2006. 404-410.
14. Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003: Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century - The approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003; 31: 3-23.
15. Petersen PE, Ogawa H. Strengthening the Prevention of Periodontal Disease: The WHO Approach. J Periodontol 2005; 76: 2187-2193.
16. Al-Ghutaimel H, Riba H, Al-Kahtani S, Al-Duhaimi S. Common periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Int J Dent 2014; 2014: 850674.
17. Oh TJ, Eber R, Wang HL. Periodontal diseases in the child and adolescent. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 400-410.
18. Pinkham JR, Casamassimo PS, Mc Tiggue DJ, Fields HW, Nowak AJ. Çocuk Diş Hekimliği (Bebeklikten Ergenliğe). Tortop T, Tulunoğlu Ö (Çev), 4. Basım. Ankara: Atlas Kitapçılık; 2009.
19. Bimstein E, Huja PE, Ebersole JL. The potential lifespan impact of gingivitis and periodontitis in children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013; 38: 95-99.
20. Albandar JM, Tinoco EM. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases in children and young persons. Periodontol 2000 2002; 29: 153–176.
21. Califano JV, Research, Science and Therapy Committee American Academy of Periodontology. Position paper: Periodontal Diseases of Children and Adolescents. J Periodontol 2003; 74: 1696-1704.
22. Albandar JM, Brown LJ, Löe H. Clinical features of early onset periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc 1997; 128: 1393– 1399.
23. Lopez R, Fernandez O, Jara G, Baelum V. Epidemiology of clinical attachment loss in adolescents. J Periodontol 2001; 72: 1666–1674.
24. Paolantonio M, di Bonaventura G, di Placido G, Tumini V, Catamo G, di Donato A, Piccolomini R. Prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and clinical conditions in children and adolescents from rural and urban areas of central Italy. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27: 549–557.
25. Lindberg K, Wastesson I, de Palma P: Periodontal health in school children in the Gambia. Karolinska Institutet [İnternet yayını]. 2010 [atıf 14.04.2017]. Erişim: http://edu. ofa.ki.se/dokument/examens/33271286lindberg.pdf
26. Al-Thani MH, Al-Thani AA, Al-Emadi AA, Al-Chetachi WF, Akram H, Poovelil BV: Oral health status of sixyear-old children in Qatar: findings from the national oral health survey. Int J Dent Hyg [İnternet yayını]. 2016 [atıf 14.04.2017]. Erişim: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/27868355
27. Funieru C, Klinger A, Baicuș C, Funieru E, Dumitriu HT, Dumitriu A. Epidemiology of gingivitis in schoolchildren in Bucharest, Romania: a crosssectional study. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52: 225–232.
28. American Academy of Periodontology: Gum disease in children. [İnternet yayını]. 2017 [atıf 14.04.2017]. Erişim: https://www.perio.org/consumer/children.htm
29. Clerehugh V, Kindelan S:. Guidelines for periodontal screening and management of children and adolescents under 18 years of age. British Society of Periodontology and The British Society of Paediatric Dentistry [İnternet yayını]. 2012 [atıf 14.04.2017]. Erişim: https://www.bsperio.org.uk/ publications/downloads/53_085556_executive-summarybsp_bspd-perio-guidelines-for-the-under-18s.pdf
30. Clerehugh V, Tugnait A. Diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. Periodontol 2000 2001; 26: 146–168.
31. Armitage GC, Cullinan MP. Comparison of the clinical features of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2010; 53: 12–27.
32. Darveau RP. Periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 8: 481–490.
33. Greenwell H, Committee on Research, Science and Therapy American Academy of Periodontology. Position paper: Guidelines for periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 2001; 72: 1624-1628.
34. Clerehugh V, Lennon MA, Worthington HV. 5-year results of a longitudinal study of early periodontitis in 14 to 19-year-old adolescents. J Clin Periodontol 1990; 17: 702– 708.
35. Hamlet S, Ellwood R, Cullinan M, Worthington H, Palmer J, Bird P, Narayanan D, Davies R, Seymour G. Persistent colonization with Tannerella forsythensis and loss of attachment in adolescents. J Dent Res 2004; 83: 232–235.
36. Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD, Molvar MP, Dyer JK. Long-term evaluation of periodontal therapy: I. Response to 4 therapeutic modalities. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 93-102.
37. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol 1999; 4: 1-6.
38. Spoerri A, Signorelli C, Erb J, van Waes H, Schmidlin PR. Rare case of generalised aggressive periodontitis in the primary dentition. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2014; 15: 443– 447.
39. Kinane FD, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Pathogenesis of periodontitis. In: Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T, editors. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 5th ed. Blackwell Munksgaard; 2008. 285-306.
40. Ohlrich RJ, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ. The immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Aust Dent J 2009; 54: 2-10.
41. Shaddox L, Wiedley J, Bimstein E, Magnuson M, ClareSeltzer M, Aukhil I, Wallet SM. Hyper-responsive phenotype in localized aggressive periodontitis. J Dent Res 2010; 89: 143-148.
42. Matsson L. Development of experimental gingivitis in pre-school children and young adults. A comparative experimental study. J Clin Peridontol 1978; 5: 24-34.
43. Van der Velden U. Effect of age on the periodontium. J Clin Periodontol 1984; 11: 281–294.
44. Bimstein E, Ram D, Irshied J, Naor R, Sela MN. Periodontal diseases, caries and microbial composition of the subgingival plaque in children: a longitudinal study. J Dent Child 2002; 69: 133-7.
45. Bimstein, E, Matson, J. Growth and development considerations in the diagnosis of gingivitis and periodontitis in children. Pediatr Dent 1999; 21: 186–191.
46. Darby I, Curtis M. Microbiology of periodontal disease in children and young adults. J Periodontol 2001; 26: 33–53.
47. Cole MF, Hsu SD, Baum BJ, Bowen WH, Sierra LI, Aquirre M, Gillespie G. Specific and non-specific immune factors in dental plaque fluid and saliva from young and old populations. Infect Immun 1981; 31: 998-1002.
48. Palmer R, Soory M. Modifying factors. In: Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T, editors. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 5th ed. Blackwell Munksgaard; 2008. 307-327.
49. Taylor GW, Burt BA, Becker MP, Genco RJ, Shlossman M, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ. Severe periodontitis and risk for poor glycemic control in subjects with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 1085- 1093.
50. Lalla E, Cheng B, Lal S, Tucker S, Greenberg E, Goland R, Lamster IB. Periodontal changes in children and adolescents with diabetes: a case-control study. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 295-299.
51. Saito T, Shimazaki Y, Koga T, Tsuzuki M, Ohshima A. Relationship between upper body obesity and periodontitis. J Dent Res 2001; 80: 1631–1636.
52. Nishimura F, Murayama Y. Periodontal inflammation and insulin resistance–lessons from obesity. J Dent Res 2001; 80: 1690–1694.

Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 1, 8 - 16, 01.01.2017

Simge Durmuşlar Betül Akcabaş

https://doi.org/10.21306/jids.2017.1.27

Öz

Periodontal hastalık, tüm insan popülasyonunu etkileyen ve yaygın olarak görülen önemli sağlık problemlerinden birisidir. Erişkinlerde olduğu gibi çocuklarda ve adolesanlarda da sıklıkla karşımıza çıkmaktadır ve özellikle gingivitisin yaygınlığı diş çürüklerine benzer oranda veya daha fazladır. Çocuklarda ve adolesanlarda periodontal hastalıkların özelliklerinin ve ilişkili sistemik ve genetik faktörlerin bilinmesi, hastalığın tanı ve tedavisi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Çocuklarda başlangıç aşamasında görülen periodontal hastalık, erişkinlikte görülecek olan ileri periodontal hastalığın işareti olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, erken teşhis ve tedavi gelecekteki olası periodontal problemlerin engellenmesinde ve prevalansın azaltılmasında anahtar rol oynamaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adolesan, Çocuk, Gingivitis, Periodontitis.

Kaynakça

1. Nowzari H, Botero JE. Latin America: Native populations affected by early onset periodontal disease. J Calif Dent Assoc 2011; 39: 383–391.
2. Albandar JM, Brunelle JA, Kingman A. Destructive periodontal disease in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States. J Periodontol 1999; 70: 13-29.
3. Montandon A, Zuza E, Toledo BE. Prevalence and reasons for tooth loss in a simple from a dental clinic in Brazil. Int J Dent 2012; 2012: 719750.
4. Çalışır M, Akpınar A. Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2013; 16: 226-234.
5. Research, Science and Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology. Guideline For Treatment of Plaque-induced Gingivitis, Chronic Periodontitis, and Other Clinical Conditions. J Periodontol 2001; 72: 1790- 1800.
6. Botero JE, Rosing CK, Duque A, Jaramillo A, Contreras A. Periodontal disease in children and adolescents of Latin America. Periodontol 2000 2015; 67: 34–57.
7. Ramberg P, Sekino S, Uzel NG, Socransky S, Lindhe J. Bacterial colonization during de novo plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30: 990–995.
8. Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet 2005; 366: 1809–1820.
9. Kubar A, Saygun I, Özdemir A, Yapar M, Slots J. Realtime polymerase chain reaction quantification of human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in periodontal pockets and the adjacent gingiva of periodontitis lesions. J Periodontal Res 2005; 40; 97–104.
10. Psoter WJ, Spielman AL, Gebrian B, St Jean R, Katz RV. Effect of malnutrition on salivary flow and pH. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53: 231-237.
11. Cabanilla L, Molinari G. Clinical considerations in the Management of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases in Children and Adolescents. J Dent Child 2009; 76: 101-108.
12. Karaman T. Çocukluk ve Puberte Çağında Periodontal Durum ve Ağız Kokusunun Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2006.
13. Carranza FA. Gingival diseases in childhood. In: Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, editors. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2006. 404-410.
14. Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003: Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century - The approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003; 31: 3-23.
15. Petersen PE, Ogawa H. Strengthening the Prevention of Periodontal Disease: The WHO Approach. J Periodontol 2005; 76: 2187-2193.
16. Al-Ghutaimel H, Riba H, Al-Kahtani S, Al-Duhaimi S. Common periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Int J Dent 2014; 2014: 850674.
17. Oh TJ, Eber R, Wang HL. Periodontal diseases in the child and adolescent. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 400-410.
18. Pinkham JR, Casamassimo PS, Mc Tiggue DJ, Fields HW, Nowak AJ. Çocuk Diş Hekimliği (Bebeklikten Ergenliğe). Tortop T, Tulunoğlu Ö (Çev), 4. Basım. Ankara: Atlas Kitapçılık; 2009.
19. Bimstein E, Huja PE, Ebersole JL. The potential lifespan impact of gingivitis and periodontitis in children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013; 38: 95-99.
20. Albandar JM, Tinoco EM. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases in children and young persons. Periodontol 2000 2002; 29: 153–176.
21. Califano JV, Research, Science and Therapy Committee American Academy of Periodontology. Position paper: Periodontal Diseases of Children and Adolescents. J Periodontol 2003; 74: 1696-1704.
22. Albandar JM, Brown LJ, Löe H. Clinical features of early onset periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc 1997; 128: 1393– 1399.
23. Lopez R, Fernandez O, Jara G, Baelum V. Epidemiology of clinical attachment loss in adolescents. J Periodontol 2001; 72: 1666–1674.
24. Paolantonio M, di Bonaventura G, di Placido G, Tumini V, Catamo G, di Donato A, Piccolomini R. Prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and clinical conditions in children and adolescents from rural and urban areas of central Italy. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27: 549–557.
25. Lindberg K, Wastesson I, de Palma P: Periodontal health in school children in the Gambia. Karolinska Institutet [İnternet yayını]. 2010 [atıf 14.04.2017]. Erişim: http://edu. ofa.ki.se/dokument/examens/33271286lindberg.pdf
26. Al-Thani MH, Al-Thani AA, Al-Emadi AA, Al-Chetachi WF, Akram H, Poovelil BV: Oral health status of sixyear-old children in Qatar: findings from the national oral health survey. Int J Dent Hyg [İnternet yayını]. 2016 [atıf 14.04.2017]. Erişim: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/27868355
27. Funieru C, Klinger A, Baicuș C, Funieru E, Dumitriu HT, Dumitriu A. Epidemiology of gingivitis in schoolchildren in Bucharest, Romania: a crosssectional study. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52: 225–232.
28. American Academy of Periodontology: Gum disease in children. [İnternet yayını]. 2017 [atıf 14.04.2017]. Erişim: https://www.perio.org/consumer/children.htm
29. Clerehugh V, Kindelan S:. Guidelines for periodontal screening and management of children and adolescents under 18 years of age. British Society of Periodontology and The British Society of Paediatric Dentistry [İnternet yayını]. 2012 [atıf 14.04.2017]. Erişim: https://www.bsperio.org.uk/ publications/downloads/53_085556_executive-summarybsp_bspd-perio-guidelines-for-the-under-18s.pdf
30. Clerehugh V, Tugnait A. Diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. Periodontol 2000 2001; 26: 146–168.
31. Armitage GC, Cullinan MP. Comparison of the clinical features of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2010; 53: 12–27.
32. Darveau RP. Periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 8: 481–490.
33. Greenwell H, Committee on Research, Science and Therapy American Academy of Periodontology. Position paper: Guidelines for periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 2001; 72: 1624-1628.
34. Clerehugh V, Lennon MA, Worthington HV. 5-year results of a longitudinal study of early periodontitis in 14 to 19-year-old adolescents. J Clin Periodontol 1990; 17: 702– 708.
35. Hamlet S, Ellwood R, Cullinan M, Worthington H, Palmer J, Bird P, Narayanan D, Davies R, Seymour G. Persistent colonization with Tannerella forsythensis and loss of attachment in adolescents. J Dent Res 2004; 83: 232–235.
36. Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD, Molvar MP, Dyer JK. Long-term evaluation of periodontal therapy: I. Response to 4 therapeutic modalities. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 93-102.
37. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol 1999; 4: 1-6.
38. Spoerri A, Signorelli C, Erb J, van Waes H, Schmidlin PR. Rare case of generalised aggressive periodontitis in the primary dentition. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2014; 15: 443– 447.
39. Kinane FD, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Pathogenesis of periodontitis. In: Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T, editors. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 5th ed. Blackwell Munksgaard; 2008. 285-306.
40. Ohlrich RJ, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ. The immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Aust Dent J 2009; 54: 2-10.
41. Shaddox L, Wiedley J, Bimstein E, Magnuson M, ClareSeltzer M, Aukhil I, Wallet SM. Hyper-responsive phenotype in localized aggressive periodontitis. J Dent Res 2010; 89: 143-148.
42. Matsson L. Development of experimental gingivitis in pre-school children and young adults. A comparative experimental study. J Clin Peridontol 1978; 5: 24-34.
43. Van der Velden U. Effect of age on the periodontium. J Clin Periodontol 1984; 11: 281–294.
44. Bimstein E, Ram D, Irshied J, Naor R, Sela MN. Periodontal diseases, caries and microbial composition of the subgingival plaque in children: a longitudinal study. J Dent Child 2002; 69: 133-7.
45. Bimstein, E, Matson, J. Growth and development considerations in the diagnosis of gingivitis and periodontitis in children. Pediatr Dent 1999; 21: 186–191.
46. Darby I, Curtis M. Microbiology of periodontal disease in children and young adults. J Periodontol 2001; 26: 33–53.
47. Cole MF, Hsu SD, Baum BJ, Bowen WH, Sierra LI, Aquirre M, Gillespie G. Specific and non-specific immune factors in dental plaque fluid and saliva from young and old populations. Infect Immun 1981; 31: 998-1002.
48. Palmer R, Soory M. Modifying factors. In: Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T, editors. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 5th ed. Blackwell Munksgaard; 2008. 307-327.
49. Taylor GW, Burt BA, Becker MP, Genco RJ, Shlossman M, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ. Severe periodontitis and risk for poor glycemic control in subjects with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 1085- 1093.
50. Lalla E, Cheng B, Lal S, Tucker S, Greenberg E, Goland R, Lamster IB. Periodontal changes in children and adolescents with diabetes: a case-control study. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 295-299.
51. Saito T, Shimazaki Y, Koga T, Tsuzuki M, Ohshima A. Relationship between upper body obesity and periodontitis. J Dent Res 2001; 80: 1631–1636.
52. Nishimura F, Murayama Y. Periodontal inflammation and insulin resistance–lessons from obesity. J Dent Res 2001; 80: 1690–1694.

Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Collection
Yazarlar	Simge Durmuşlar Bu kişi benim Betül Akcabaş Bu kişi benim
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Ocak 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2017 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Durmuşlar, S., & Akcabaş, B. (2017). Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi. Journal of International Dental Sciences (Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi)(1), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.21306/jids.2017.1.27
AMA	Durmuşlar S, Akcabaş B. Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi. J Int Dent Sci. Ocak 2017;(1):8-16. doi:10.21306/jids.2017.1.27
Chicago	Durmuşlar, Simge, ve Betül Akcabaş. “Çocuklarda Ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar Ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi”. Journal of International Dental Sciences (Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi), sy. 1 (Ocak 2017): 8-16. https://doi.org/10.21306/jids.2017.1.27.
EndNote	Durmuşlar S, Akcabaş B (01 Ocak 2017) Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi. Journal of International Dental Sciences (Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi) 1 8–16.
IEEE	S. Durmuşlar ve B. Akcabaş, “Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi”, J Int Dent Sci, sy. 1, ss. 8–16, Ocak 2017, doi: 10.21306/jids.2017.1.27.
ISNAD	Durmuşlar, Simge - Akcabaş, Betül. “Çocuklarda Ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar Ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi”. Journal of International Dental Sciences (Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi) 1 (Ocak 2017), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.21306/jids.2017.1.27.
JAMA	Durmuşlar S, Akcabaş B. Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi. J Int Dent Sci. 2017;:8–16.
MLA	Durmuşlar, Simge ve Betül Akcabaş. “Çocuklarda Ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar Ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi”. Journal of International Dental Sciences (Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi), sy. 1, 2017, ss. 8-16, doi:10.21306/jids.2017.1.27.
Vancouver	Durmuşlar S, Akcabaş B. Çocuklarda ve Adolesanlarda Periodontal Hastalıklar ve Erişkinliğe Etkisi. J Int Dent Sci. 2017(1):8-16.

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