THE POSSIBILITY OF A REALIST PHENOMENOLOGY

Öz

Speculative realism as a philosophical movement criticizes phenomenology by labeling it as “correlationist”. Behind this criticism, there is an understanding that phenomenology has a transcendental structure. I argue that phenomenology cannot be defined only under this particular conception of transcendental structure and there is a possibility of realist phenomenology. Phenomenology can offer a realist version of itself through its own possibilities, which Claude Romano, one of the contemporary phenomenologists, calls “descriptive realism”. In this article, first, I examine the concept of “correlationism” used by speculative materialists and realists to address phenomenology. Then I discuss the problematic nature of phenomenology's transcendental-idealist structure. After explaining that phenomenology does not necessarily have to present a transcendental structure by referring to Claude Romano's project of descriptive realism, I briefly compare the realism of the speculative movement with Romano's phenomenological realism. This brings us to deal with what extent the critique of correlationism can be valid for this new understanding of phenomenology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Phenomenology
• Edmund Husserl
• Realism
• Speculative Thought
• Claude Romano
• Martin Heidegger

FENOMENOLOJİK BİR REALİZMİN İMKÂNI

Öz

Çağdaş düşüncenin önemli akımlarından “spekülatif realizm”, yirminci yüzyılın en etkin felsefi hareketi olan fenomenolojiyi korelasyonculuk kavramının altında eleştirmektedir. Bu eleştirinin altında yatan anlayış, fenomenolojinin transandantal bir yapıya sahip olduğudur. Fenomenolojinin sadece bu belirli anlayış altında tanımlanamayacağı iddiasıyla yola çıkarak çağdaş fenomenologlardan Claude Romano’nun “betimsel realizm” dediği, fenomenolojin kendi imkânlarıyla vardığı realist bir fenomenoloji bu yazıda tartışılacaktır. Öncelikle spekülatif materyalist ve realistlerin korelasyonculuk kavramını inceledikten sonra, bu kavram ışığında fenomenolojiye yönelttikleri fenomenolojinin transandantal-idealist olması meselesiyle meşgul olunacaktır. Fenomenolojin transandantal bir yapıya sahip olmak zorunda olmadığını Claude Romano’nun betimsel realizm projesini ele alarak açıkladıktan sonra spekülatif akımın realizm anlayışıyla Romano’nun fenomenolojik realizmi kısaca karşılaştırarak, korelasyonculuk eleştirisinin bu yeni fenomenoloji anlayışı için ne kadar geçerli olabileceği tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fenomenoloji
• Edmund Husserl
• Realizm
• Spekülatif Düşünce
• Claude Romano
• Martin Heidegger

Kaynakça

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