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Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 39 - 55, 31.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.33464/dorduncukuvvet.728824

Öz

Today, in the markets brought by globalization and individualization, it goes beyond its traditional functions and becomes a place that individuals express about the use of individuals and related groups. It is in the application that there are also necessary things for this. Quickly designing may have come on the market to determine if the technologies are folding. It is for political consumption arising from all these developments, it has great interest in advanced marketing, communication and business disciplines. For marketing concepts where you can use documents together. It is for boycott and selective shopping for reveal deeply in the light of different colors. In ELM-Model mode, the relevance of boycott and selective shopping is discussed. Central route and periphery of boycott and detailed shopping debate on the behavior of the ELM-Model to obtain very important findings on persuasion and interaction issues.

Kaynakça

  • Baines, P. R., Harris, P. and Lewis, B., R. (2002), The Political Marketing Planning Process: Improving Image and Message in Strategic Target Areas, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 20(1), pp. 6-14.
  • Baringhorst, S. (2005). New Media and the Politics of Consumer Activism Opportunities and Challenges of Euro-Asian Anti-Corporate Campaigns. Paper presented to the Workshop on “New Directions in Cultural Politics” at the Annual Conference of the European Consortium of Political Research in Granada, April 14-19, 2005.
  • Bayraktaroğlu G., G. (2002). Politik Yaşamda Pazarlama Yaklaşımları, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 159-168. pp. 73-106.
  • Brinkman, J. (2004). Looking at consumer behavior in a moral perspective. Journal of Business Ethic, 51(2), pp. 129–141. Butler, P. and Collins, N. (1994). Political Marketing: Structure and Process, European Journal of Marketing, 28(1), pp. 19-34.
  • Çati, K. and Aslan, S. (2003). Politik Pazarlama Açısından Seçmen Kararlarında Etkili Olan Faktörler ve Sivas Örneği, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 17(3-4), pp. 255-270.
  • Christensen, T., Denver, S. and Mørkbak, M., R. (2007). Food safety and the reversed political consumer, Proceedings of the Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007.
  • Çiftçi, D. (2018). Communication, Persuasion and Cognition: The Review on Application of the ELM-Model in Political Communication of North Cyprus. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (29. Özel Sayısı), 133-142.
  • Coleman, C., Nee, L. D., and Rubinowitz, L. S. (2005). Social movements and social‐change litigation: Synergy in the Montgomery bus protest. Law & Social Inquiry, 30(4), pp. 663-737.
  • Copeland, L. (2014). Conceptualizing political consumerism: How citizenship norms differentiate boycotting from buycotting. Political studies, 62, pp. 172-186.
  • Dalton, R., J. (2000). Citizen Politics. Chatham: Chatham House.
  • Di̇vanoğlu U., S. (2008). Seçim Kampanyalarında Siyasal Pazarlama Karması Elemanlarının Yeri ve Önemi, Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), pp. 105-118.
  • Dubuisson-Quellier, S. (2007). From consumerism to the empowerment of consumers. The case of ethic food movements in France. Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007.
  • European Social Survey (2002). European Social Survey Dataset, URL: www.europeansocialsurvey.org.
  • Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
  • Florance, M., M., and Sawicz, M., S. (1993). Positioning sales forecasting for better results. The Journal of Business Forecasting, 12(4), 27.
  • Franklin, D. (2008). Just good business. The Economist, 19, pp. 3–6.
  • Friedman M. (1996). A positive approach to organized consumer action: the ‘buycott’ as an alternative to the boycott. Journal of Consumer Policy, 19(4), pp. 439–451.
  • Friedman, M. (1999). Consumer Boycotts: Effecting Change through the Marketplace and the Media. New York: Routledge.
  • Halkier, B., Holm, L., Domingues, M., Magaudda, P., Nielsen, A., & Terragni, L. (2007). Trusting, complex, quality conscious or unprotected? Constructing the food consumer in different European national contexts. Journal of Consumer Culture, 7(3), pp. 379-402. Harmeling, C. M., Moffett, J. W., Arnold, M. J., & Carlson, B. D. (2017). Toward a theory of customer engagement marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(3), pp. 312-335.
  • Hendel, I., Lach, S., and Spiegel, Y. (2017). Consumers' activism: the cottage cheese boycott. The RAND Journal of Economics, 48(4), pp. 972-1003.
  • Hertz, N. (2001). Better to shop than to vote? Business Ethics. A European Review, 10(3), pp. 190–193.
  • Holzer, B. (2007). Framing the Corporation: Royal Dutch/Shell and Human Rights Woes in Nigeria, Journal Consumer Policy, 30(3), pp. 281-301.
  • Holzer, B. (2006). Political Consumerism between Individual Choice and Collective Action: Social Movements, Role Mobilization and Signalling, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(5), pp. 405-415.
  • Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Johnson, D. W. (Ed.). (2013). Campaigning for President 2012: Strategy and Tactics, New Voices and New Techniques. New York: Routledge.
  • Kirkbi̇r, F. (2007). Pazarlama ve Yönetim Oyunları ile 41 Gecede Toplum Mühendisliği, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: İhlas Gazetecilik A.Ş.
  • Kitschelt, H. (1999). European social democracy between political economy and electoral competition. Continuity and change in contemporary capitalism, pp. 317-45.
  • Klein, J. G., Smith, N. C., & John, A. (2004). Why we boycott: Consumer motivations for boycott participation. Journal of Marketing, 68(3), pp. 92-109.
  • Kneip, V. (2012). Corporate Reaction to Anticorporate Protest: Multinational Corporations and Anticorporate Campaigns. In The Establishment Responds (pp. 211-227). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kotler, P. (1972). A Generic Concept of Marketing, Journal of Marketing, 36, (pp.46-54).
  • Kotler, P. and Andreasen, A., R. (1991). Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Kozinets, R. V., De Valck, K., Wojnicki, A. C., and Wilner, S. J. (2010). Networked narratives: understanding word-of-mouth marketing in online communities. Journal of Marketing, 74(2), pp. 71–89.
  • Kumar, V. (2013). Profitable customer engagement: concept, metrics and strategies. India: Sage Publications.
  • Larsen, G., Svendsen, S. and Beck, C. (2000). The New Market Dominated by the Political Consumer. The Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies, http://www.cifs.dk/scripts/artikel.asp?id=38&lng=1
  • Larson, C.U. (2007) Persuasion: Reception and Responsibility (eds.) Persuasion in Today’s Changing World. Cengage Learning.
  • Lovelock, C., H. and Weinberg, C., B. (1984). Marketing for Public and Non-profit Managers, New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Malthouse, E. C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E., and Zhang, M. (2013). Managing customer relationships in the social media era: introducing the social CRM house. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), pp. 270–280.
  • Micheletti, M. (2004). Just Clothes? Discursive Political Consumerism and Political Participation. Paper for the 2004 ECPR Joint Sessions, April 13-18, Uppsala Workshop 24: Emerging Repertoires of Political Action. Toward a Systematic Study of Postcoventional Forms of Participation.
  • Micheletti, M. ve Follesdal, A. (2007). Shopping for Human Rights. An Introduction to the Special Issue, Journal of Consumer Policy, 30(3), pp.167-175.
  • Mikkelsen, B. E., Vittersø, G., Roos, G., Vramo, L., & Bergström, K. (2007). The public as political consumer-case findings from implementation of organic procurement polices in public food systems in Scandinavia. In The Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference. The Nordic Forum for Consumer Research.
  • Nambisan, S. (2002). Designing virtual customer environments for new product development: toward a theory. Academy of Management Review, 27(3), pp. 392–413.
  • Neilson,L. A. (2006). Social Capital And Political Consumerism: A Multilevel Analysis, (Thesis) The Ohio State University 2006.
  • Norris, P. (1999). Critical Citizens. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Odabaşı, Y.(2008). Siyasallaşan Tüketiciliğin Demokratik Denetim Gücü. Türkiye'de Siyasetin Dinamikleri Sempozyumu, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 4-5 Nisan 2008.
  • Pellizzoni, L.(2007). Three challenges for political consumerism. Proceedings of the Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007.
  • Persson, L. (2008). Ethics and Environment in the Coffee Sector – Linking CSR to the Consumer's Power in the Context of Sustainable Development, A case study of Löfbergs Lila. Karlstad University Faculty of Social and Life Sciences Department of Environment and Health, 30- 01-2008.
  • Portes, A. (2000, March). The two meanings of social capital. In Sociological Forum (pp. 1-12). Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers.
  • Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Ranjan, K. R., and Read, S. (2016). Value co-creation: concept and measurement. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(3), pp. 290–315.
  • Rao, H., Morrill, C., and Zald, M. N. (2000). Power plays: How social movements and collective action create new organizational forms. Research in Organizational Behavior, 22, pp. 237-281.
  • Rapp, A., Beitlspacher, L. S., Grewal, D., & Hughes, D. E. (2013). Understanding social media effects across seller, retailer and consumer interactions. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(5), pp. 547–566.
  • Rock, M,. T. (2003). Public Disclosure of the Sweatshop Practices of American Multinational Garment/Shoe Makers/Retailers: Impacts on their Stock Prices, Competition and Change, 7(1), pp. 23-38.
  • Scammell, M. (1999). Political Marketing: Lessons For Political Science, Political Studies, XLVII, pp. 718-739.
  • Scammell, M. (2000). The Internet and civic engagement: the age of the citizen-consumer. Political Communication, 17(4), pp. 351–355.
  • Selby, G., S. (2001). Framing Social Protest: The Exodus Narrative in Martin Luther King's Montgomery Bus Boycott Rhetoric. Journal of Communication & Religion, 24(1).
  • Sheth, J. N. (1987). A theory of political choice behavior. New York: Praeger.
  • Skocpol, T. and Fiorina, M. (1999). Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
  • Stolle, D. and Micheletti, M. (2003). The Gender Gap Reversed: Political Consumerism as a Women-Friendly Form of Civic and Political Engagement- An Exploratory Study in Canada, Belgium and Sweden. Prepared for the Gender and Social Capital Conference May 2-3, 2003 St. John’s College, University of Manitoba.
  • Stolle, D., Hooghe M. and Micheletti, M. (2005). Politics in the Supermarket: Political Consumerism as a Form of Political Participation, International Political Science Review, 26(3), pp.245-269.
  • Tan, A. (2002). İlke ve Uygulamalarıyla Politik Pazarlama, (1. Baskı), İstanbul: Papatya Yayıncılık.
  • Terragni, L.(2007). From the White Label campaign to the No sweat initiatives. A journey at the roots of political consumerism. Proceedings of the Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007.
  • Torlak, Ö. (2007). Pazarlama Ahlakı. İstanbul: Beta Basım.
  • Üste, R., B., Yüksel, B., and Çalişkan, S. (2007). 2007 Genel Seçimlerinde Siyasal Pazarlama Tekniklerinin Kullanımı ve İzmir İli Örneği, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15, pp. 213-232.
  • Verba, S., Schlozman, K., L, and Brady, H., E. (1995). Voice and Equality: Civic Volunteerism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 39 - 55, 31.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.33464/dorduncukuvvet.728824

Öz

Bugün, küreselleşme ve bireyselleşmenin getirdiği değişikliklerle pazar, geleneksel işlevlerinin ötesine geçerek bireylerin ve tüketici gruplarının tüketim yoluyla kendilerini ifade ettikleri bir yer haline gelmiştir. Böylece, tüketiciler sadece kendileri için değil, dünya dışında var olan her şey için de etik uygulamalara müdahale edebilir olmaya başlayarak önemli aktörler konumuna geçmiştir. Hızla gelişen teknolojinin katkısıyla tüketiciler pazarı daha önce mümkün olmayan bir düzeyde etkileyebilme potansiyeline sahip hale gelmiştir. Tüm bu gelişmeler sonucunda ortaya çıkan siyasal tüketim kavramı, gelişmiş pazarlama, iletişim ve iş disiplinlerince büyük ilgi duymaktadır. Bununla birlikte politik tüketim ve etkileşimli pazarlama kavramları için bu çalışmada politik tüketici ile seçici alışveriş kavramları bir arada ele alınarak boykot kavramı üzerinden açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda boykot ve seçici alışveriş kavramı farklı örnekler ışığında derinlemesine ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda politik tüketici kavramının ELM-Modeli çerçevesinde boykot ve seçici alışveriş kavramları ile uygulanabilirliği tartışılmıştır. İkna ve etkileşim konularında çok önemli bulgular elde edilmesine olanak sağlayan ELM-Modelinin politik tüketici davranışları üzerinde boykot ve seçici alışveriş tartışmasında merkezi rota ve periferi rotanın eş zamanlı olarak ilerleyeceğini söylemek doğru olacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Baines, P. R., Harris, P. and Lewis, B., R. (2002), The Political Marketing Planning Process: Improving Image and Message in Strategic Target Areas, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 20(1), pp. 6-14.
  • Baringhorst, S. (2005). New Media and the Politics of Consumer Activism Opportunities and Challenges of Euro-Asian Anti-Corporate Campaigns. Paper presented to the Workshop on “New Directions in Cultural Politics” at the Annual Conference of the European Consortium of Political Research in Granada, April 14-19, 2005.
  • Bayraktaroğlu G., G. (2002). Politik Yaşamda Pazarlama Yaklaşımları, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 159-168. pp. 73-106.
  • Brinkman, J. (2004). Looking at consumer behavior in a moral perspective. Journal of Business Ethic, 51(2), pp. 129–141. Butler, P. and Collins, N. (1994). Political Marketing: Structure and Process, European Journal of Marketing, 28(1), pp. 19-34.
  • Çati, K. and Aslan, S. (2003). Politik Pazarlama Açısından Seçmen Kararlarında Etkili Olan Faktörler ve Sivas Örneği, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 17(3-4), pp. 255-270.
  • Christensen, T., Denver, S. and Mørkbak, M., R. (2007). Food safety and the reversed political consumer, Proceedings of the Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007.
  • Çiftçi, D. (2018). Communication, Persuasion and Cognition: The Review on Application of the ELM-Model in Political Communication of North Cyprus. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (29. Özel Sayısı), 133-142.
  • Coleman, C., Nee, L. D., and Rubinowitz, L. S. (2005). Social movements and social‐change litigation: Synergy in the Montgomery bus protest. Law & Social Inquiry, 30(4), pp. 663-737.
  • Copeland, L. (2014). Conceptualizing political consumerism: How citizenship norms differentiate boycotting from buycotting. Political studies, 62, pp. 172-186.
  • Dalton, R., J. (2000). Citizen Politics. Chatham: Chatham House.
  • Di̇vanoğlu U., S. (2008). Seçim Kampanyalarında Siyasal Pazarlama Karması Elemanlarının Yeri ve Önemi, Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), pp. 105-118.
  • Dubuisson-Quellier, S. (2007). From consumerism to the empowerment of consumers. The case of ethic food movements in France. Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007.
  • European Social Survey (2002). European Social Survey Dataset, URL: www.europeansocialsurvey.org.
  • Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
  • Florance, M., M., and Sawicz, M., S. (1993). Positioning sales forecasting for better results. The Journal of Business Forecasting, 12(4), 27.
  • Franklin, D. (2008). Just good business. The Economist, 19, pp. 3–6.
  • Friedman M. (1996). A positive approach to organized consumer action: the ‘buycott’ as an alternative to the boycott. Journal of Consumer Policy, 19(4), pp. 439–451.
  • Friedman, M. (1999). Consumer Boycotts: Effecting Change through the Marketplace and the Media. New York: Routledge.
  • Halkier, B., Holm, L., Domingues, M., Magaudda, P., Nielsen, A., & Terragni, L. (2007). Trusting, complex, quality conscious or unprotected? Constructing the food consumer in different European national contexts. Journal of Consumer Culture, 7(3), pp. 379-402. Harmeling, C. M., Moffett, J. W., Arnold, M. J., & Carlson, B. D. (2017). Toward a theory of customer engagement marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(3), pp. 312-335.
  • Hendel, I., Lach, S., and Spiegel, Y. (2017). Consumers' activism: the cottage cheese boycott. The RAND Journal of Economics, 48(4), pp. 972-1003.
  • Hertz, N. (2001). Better to shop than to vote? Business Ethics. A European Review, 10(3), pp. 190–193.
  • Holzer, B. (2007). Framing the Corporation: Royal Dutch/Shell and Human Rights Woes in Nigeria, Journal Consumer Policy, 30(3), pp. 281-301.
  • Holzer, B. (2006). Political Consumerism between Individual Choice and Collective Action: Social Movements, Role Mobilization and Signalling, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(5), pp. 405-415.
  • Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Johnson, D. W. (Ed.). (2013). Campaigning for President 2012: Strategy and Tactics, New Voices and New Techniques. New York: Routledge.
  • Kirkbi̇r, F. (2007). Pazarlama ve Yönetim Oyunları ile 41 Gecede Toplum Mühendisliği, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: İhlas Gazetecilik A.Ş.
  • Kitschelt, H. (1999). European social democracy between political economy and electoral competition. Continuity and change in contemporary capitalism, pp. 317-45.
  • Klein, J. G., Smith, N. C., & John, A. (2004). Why we boycott: Consumer motivations for boycott participation. Journal of Marketing, 68(3), pp. 92-109.
  • Kneip, V. (2012). Corporate Reaction to Anticorporate Protest: Multinational Corporations and Anticorporate Campaigns. In The Establishment Responds (pp. 211-227). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kotler, P. (1972). A Generic Concept of Marketing, Journal of Marketing, 36, (pp.46-54).
  • Kotler, P. and Andreasen, A., R. (1991). Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Kozinets, R. V., De Valck, K., Wojnicki, A. C., and Wilner, S. J. (2010). Networked narratives: understanding word-of-mouth marketing in online communities. Journal of Marketing, 74(2), pp. 71–89.
  • Kumar, V. (2013). Profitable customer engagement: concept, metrics and strategies. India: Sage Publications.
  • Larsen, G., Svendsen, S. and Beck, C. (2000). The New Market Dominated by the Political Consumer. The Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies, http://www.cifs.dk/scripts/artikel.asp?id=38&lng=1
  • Larson, C.U. (2007) Persuasion: Reception and Responsibility (eds.) Persuasion in Today’s Changing World. Cengage Learning.
  • Lovelock, C., H. and Weinberg, C., B. (1984). Marketing for Public and Non-profit Managers, New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Malthouse, E. C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E., and Zhang, M. (2013). Managing customer relationships in the social media era: introducing the social CRM house. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), pp. 270–280.
  • Micheletti, M. (2004). Just Clothes? Discursive Political Consumerism and Political Participation. Paper for the 2004 ECPR Joint Sessions, April 13-18, Uppsala Workshop 24: Emerging Repertoires of Political Action. Toward a Systematic Study of Postcoventional Forms of Participation.
  • Micheletti, M. ve Follesdal, A. (2007). Shopping for Human Rights. An Introduction to the Special Issue, Journal of Consumer Policy, 30(3), pp.167-175.
  • Mikkelsen, B. E., Vittersø, G., Roos, G., Vramo, L., & Bergström, K. (2007). The public as political consumer-case findings from implementation of organic procurement polices in public food systems in Scandinavia. In The Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference. The Nordic Forum for Consumer Research.
  • Nambisan, S. (2002). Designing virtual customer environments for new product development: toward a theory. Academy of Management Review, 27(3), pp. 392–413.
  • Neilson,L. A. (2006). Social Capital And Political Consumerism: A Multilevel Analysis, (Thesis) The Ohio State University 2006.
  • Norris, P. (1999). Critical Citizens. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Odabaşı, Y.(2008). Siyasallaşan Tüketiciliğin Demokratik Denetim Gücü. Türkiye'de Siyasetin Dinamikleri Sempozyumu, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 4-5 Nisan 2008.
  • Pellizzoni, L.(2007). Three challenges for political consumerism. Proceedings of the Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007.
  • Persson, L. (2008). Ethics and Environment in the Coffee Sector – Linking CSR to the Consumer's Power in the Context of Sustainable Development, A case study of Löfbergs Lila. Karlstad University Faculty of Social and Life Sciences Department of Environment and Health, 30- 01-2008.
  • Portes, A. (2000, March). The two meanings of social capital. In Sociological Forum (pp. 1-12). Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers.
  • Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Ranjan, K. R., and Read, S. (2016). Value co-creation: concept and measurement. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(3), pp. 290–315.
  • Rao, H., Morrill, C., and Zald, M. N. (2000). Power plays: How social movements and collective action create new organizational forms. Research in Organizational Behavior, 22, pp. 237-281.
  • Rapp, A., Beitlspacher, L. S., Grewal, D., & Hughes, D. E. (2013). Understanding social media effects across seller, retailer and consumer interactions. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(5), pp. 547–566.
  • Rock, M,. T. (2003). Public Disclosure of the Sweatshop Practices of American Multinational Garment/Shoe Makers/Retailers: Impacts on their Stock Prices, Competition and Change, 7(1), pp. 23-38.
  • Scammell, M. (1999). Political Marketing: Lessons For Political Science, Political Studies, XLVII, pp. 718-739.
  • Scammell, M. (2000). The Internet and civic engagement: the age of the citizen-consumer. Political Communication, 17(4), pp. 351–355.
  • Selby, G., S. (2001). Framing Social Protest: The Exodus Narrative in Martin Luther King's Montgomery Bus Boycott Rhetoric. Journal of Communication & Religion, 24(1).
  • Sheth, J. N. (1987). A theory of political choice behavior. New York: Praeger.
  • Skocpol, T. and Fiorina, M. (1999). Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
  • Stolle, D. and Micheletti, M. (2003). The Gender Gap Reversed: Political Consumerism as a Women-Friendly Form of Civic and Political Engagement- An Exploratory Study in Canada, Belgium and Sweden. Prepared for the Gender and Social Capital Conference May 2-3, 2003 St. John’s College, University of Manitoba.
  • Stolle, D., Hooghe M. and Micheletti, M. (2005). Politics in the Supermarket: Political Consumerism as a Form of Political Participation, International Political Science Review, 26(3), pp.245-269.
  • Tan, A. (2002). İlke ve Uygulamalarıyla Politik Pazarlama, (1. Baskı), İstanbul: Papatya Yayıncılık.
  • Terragni, L.(2007). From the White Label campaign to the No sweat initiatives. A journey at the roots of political consumerism. Proceedings of the Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007.
  • Torlak, Ö. (2007). Pazarlama Ahlakı. İstanbul: Beta Basım.
  • Üste, R., B., Yüksel, B., and Çalişkan, S. (2007). 2007 Genel Seçimlerinde Siyasal Pazarlama Tekniklerinin Kullanımı ve İzmir İli Örneği, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15, pp. 213-232.
  • Verba, S., Schlozman, K., L, and Brady, H., E. (1995). Voice and Equality: Civic Volunteerism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Dilan Cıftcı 0000-0003-3806-3915

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Cıftcı, D. (2020). Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts. Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, 3(1), 39-55. https://doi.org/10.33464/dorduncukuvvet.728824
AMA Cıftcı D. Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts. Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi. Mayıs 2020;3(1):39-55. doi:10.33464/dorduncukuvvet.728824
Chicago Cıftcı, Dilan. “Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts”. Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi 3, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2020): 39-55. https://doi.org/10.33464/dorduncukuvvet.728824.
EndNote Cıftcı D (01 Mayıs 2020) Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts. Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi 3 1 39–55.
IEEE D. Cıftcı, “Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts”, Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 39–55, 2020, doi: 10.33464/dorduncukuvvet.728824.
ISNAD Cıftcı, Dilan. “Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts”. Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi 3/1 (Mayıs 2020), 39-55. https://doi.org/10.33464/dorduncukuvvet.728824.
JAMA Cıftcı D. Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts. Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi. 2020;3:39–55.
MLA Cıftcı, Dilan. “Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts”. Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, c. 3, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 39-55, doi:10.33464/dorduncukuvvet.728824.
Vancouver Cıftcı D. Political Consumerism: Discussion on the Motivation of Boycotting and Buycotts. Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi. 2020;3(1):39-55.