Raymond Williams, en önemli ve etkili kültür kuramcılarından biri olarak kabul edilir. Her ne kadar iletişim(ler) üzerine yazmış olsa da, günümüzde eserleri genellikle edebiyat ve kültür çalışmaları bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu makale Williams’ın iletişim anlayışını genel hatlarıyla sunmakta ve şu sorulara yanıt aramaktadır:
• Raymond Williams iletişimi nasıl kavrıyordu?
• Onun iletişimsel materyalizmini günümüzde dijital iletişimi anlamak için nasıl kullanabiliriz? Williams, materyalist bir iletişim anlayışı geliştirmiştir.
Onun iletişim teorisinin unsurları, temel/üstyapı sorunu bağlamında iletişimi ve ideolojiyi araçsal iletişimin özgün bir biçimi olarak ele almamıza yardımcı olur. Ayrıca, dijital medyayı materyalist bir perspektiften anlamamızı sağlayacak kavramsal çerçeveyi sunar. Bu makale, dijital medyanın analizine uygun Marksist bir iletişim teorisini temellendirmek için Williams’ın iletişimsel materyalizm yaklaşımına duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.
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Raymond Williams (1921–1988) is widely recognized as a cultural and literary theorist, yet his contributions to communication theory remain underexplored. This article examines the extent to which Williams can be considered a communication theorist and evaluates the relevance of his approach for understanding digital communication. In light of the often-theoretical limitations of digital media analysis, Williams’ materialist perspective offers valuable insights for reinvigorating cultural studies’ dialogue with Marxian theory. By revisiting his work—particularly the distinction he draws between communication as a technological system and as a human social process—this essay explores key themes such as the materiality of communication, the base/superstructure relation, and ideology. These elements form the foundation of Williams’ communication thinking and provide critical tools for analyzing the dynamics of contemporary digital media.
De Decker K (2015) WhY we need a speed Limit for the Internet. Low-tech Magazine, 19 October. google scholar
Fuchs C (2014) DigitaL Labour and Karl Marx. New York: RoutLedge. google scholar
Fuchs C (2015) Culture and Economy in the Age of Social Media. New York: Routledge. google scholar
Fuchs C (2016a) Critical Theory of Communication: New Readings of Lukâcs, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet. London: University of Westminster Press. google scholar
Fuchs C (2016b) Racism, nationalism and right-wing extremism online: The Austrian presidential election 2016 on Facebook. Momentum google scholar
QuarterLy - Zeitschrift für sozialen Fortschritt 5(3): 172-196. google scholar
Fuchs C (2016c) Red scare 2.0: User-generated ideoLogy in the age of Jeremy Corbyn and sociay media. Journal of Language and Politics 15(4): 369-398. google scholar
Fuchs C (2017a) DonaLd Trump: A criticaL theory-perspective on authoritarian capitaLism. Triplec: Communication, Capitalism & Critique 15(1): 1-72. google scholar
Fuchs C (2017b) SociaL Media: A CriticaL Introduction (2nd edn). London: Sage. google scholar
Gramsci A (1971) SeLections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: InternationaL PubLishers. google scholar
HaLL S (1973a) A ‘reading’ of Marx’s 1857 Introduction to the Grundrisse. Birmingham: Centre for ContemporarY CuLturaL Studies. google scholar
HaLL S (1973b) Encoding/decoding. In: Stuart HaLL, DoothY Hobson, Andrew Lowe, et aL. (eds) CuLture, Media, Language. London: RoutLedge, pp.117-127. google scholar
HaLL S (1980) CuLturaL studies: Two paradigms. Media, CuLture & SocietY 2(1): 57 72. google scholar
HaLL S (2016) CuLturaL Studies 1983. Durham, NC: Duke UniversitY Press. google scholar
JhaLLY S (2016) Stuart HaLL: The Last interview. CuLturaL Studies 30(2): 332-345. google scholar
Johnson R (1986 [1987]) What is cultural studies anyway? Social Text 16: 38-80. google scholar
KLein N (2017) No Is Not Enough: Defeating the New Shock PoLitics. London: ALLen Lane. google scholar
Lambert C (2015) Shadow Work: The Unpaid, Unseen Jobs That Fill Your DaY. BerkeLeY, CA: Counterpoint. google scholar
McGuigan J (2014) Introduction. In: Jim McGuigan (ed.) RaYmond Williams on CuLture & SocietY: EssentiaL Writings. London: Sage, pp.xv-xxvi. google scholar
McGuigan J (2015) A short counter-revoLution. In: McGuigan J (ed.) Raymond Williams: A Short Counter RevoLution: Towards 2000, Revisited. London: Sage, pp.19-46. google scholar
McGuigan J (2016) NeoLiberal Culture. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacmiLLan. google scholar
Du GaY, P, HaLL, S, Janes, L et aL. (1997) Doing CuLturaL Studies: The Story of the Sony Waykman London: Sage. google scholar
Marx K (1857) Introduction. In: Marx K (ed.) The Grundrisse. London: Penguin Books, pp.81-114. google scholar
Marx K (1867a) CapitaL, voL. 1. London: Penguin Books. google scholar
Marx K (1867b) Das KapitaL Band 1. BerLin: Dietz. google scholar
Marx K (1988) The German IdeoLogY. Amherst, NY: Prometheus. google scholar
Marx K and EngeLs F (1845a) Die Deutsche IdeoLogie (MEW Band 3). BerLin: Dietz. google scholar
Marx K and EngeLs F (1845b) The German IdeoLogY. New York: Prometheus. google scholar
MaxweLL R and MiLLer T (2012) Greening the Media. Oxford: Oxford UniversitY Press. google scholar
Rucevska I., NeLLemann C., Isarin N., et aL. (2015) Waste Crime - Waste Risks: Gaps in Meeting the GLobaL Waste ChaLLenge. A UNEP Rapid Response Assessment. ArendaL: United Nations Environment Programme and GRID. google scholar
Sparks C (1993) RaYmond WiLLiams and the theorY of democratic communication. In: SLavko SpLichaL and Janet Wasko (eds) Communi-cation and DemocracY. Norwood, NJ: AbLex, pp.69-86. google scholar
TresseLL, R (2012) [1914]. The Ragged Trousered PhiLanthropists. Ware: Wordsworth VidaL J (2013) Toxic ‘e-waste’ dumped in poor nations, saYs United Nations. The Guardian, 14 December. google scholar
VoLosinov VN (1986 [1929]) Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. google scholar
Wharton C (2013) Advertising as CuLture. BristoL: InteLLect. google scholar
WiLLiams R (1958 [1983]) CuLture and SocietY: 1780-1950. New York: CoLumbia UniversitY Press. google scholar
WiLLiams R (1961 [2011]) The Long RevoLution. Cardigan: Parthian. WiLLiams R (ed.) (1968) MaY DaY Manifesto 1968. Harmondsworth: Penguin. WiLLiams R (1976) Communications. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. google scholar
WiLLiams R (1977) Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford UniversitY Press. WiLLiams R (1979) PoLitics and Letters: Interviews with New Left Review. London: Verso Books. google scholar
WiLLiams R (1981a) CuLture. GLasgow: Fontana-CoLLins. google scholar
WiLLiams R (1981b) Introduction. In: WiLLiams R (ed.) Contact: Human Communication and Its HistorY. London: Thames and Hudson, pp.7-20. google scholar
WiLLiams R (1983a) KeYwords: A VocabuLarY of CuLture and SocietY (Rev. edn). New York: Oxford UniversitY Press. google scholar
WiLLiams R (1983b) Towards 2000. London: Chatto & Windus. WiLLiams R (1983c) Writing in SocietY. London: Verso Books. google scholar
WiLLiams R (1989a) PoLitics of Modernism. London: Verso Books. google scholar
Williams R (1989b) Resources of Hope. London: Verso Books. google scholar
WiLLiams R (1989c) What I Came to SaY. London: Hutchinson Radius. WiLLiams R (2003a [1974]) TeLevision. London: RoutLedge. google scholar
WiLLiams R (2003b) Who Speaks for WaLes? Nation, CuLture, Identity (ed DanieL WiLLiams). Cardiff: UniversitY of WaLes Press. google scholar
WiLLiams R (2005 [1980]) CuLture and MateriaLism. London: Verso Books. google scholar
WiLLiams R (2014) On CuLture & SocietY (ed Jim McGuigan). London: Sage. google scholar
Polat, O. C. (2025). Raymond Williams’ın İletişimsel Materyalizmi (O. C. Polat, çev.). 4. BOYUT Medya ve Kültürel Çalışmalar Dergisi(26), 204-221. https://doi.org/10.26650/4boyut.20253.1698815