Osmanlı ve Batı Kaynaklarına Göre Mıknatıslar, Pusulalar ve Yer Manyetizması Ölçümleri

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 17, 121 - 150, 30.06.2020

Ferhat Özçep

Öz

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Jeofizik modern anlamda 1600’lerde jeomanyetik çalışmalarla başlatılabilir. 1600 ile 1800 yılları arasında tarihsel sapma açısı, eğim açısı ve şiddet değerlerini içerecek şekilde bireysel manyetik ölçmeler vardır. Denizcilik amaçlı olarak Piri Reis tarafından yazılan Kitab-i Bahriye gibi, SEydi Ali Reis’in Muhit gibi bazı kitaplarda Pusulanın nasıl kullanılacağına ilişkin bazı bilgiler olmasına ragmen, bu manyetik sapma açısının tam olarak anlaşıldığı anlamına gelmez. Fuyuzat-i Miknatissiye, yer manyetizması ile ilgili 1731’de Ibrahim Müteferrika tarafından Christoph Eberhard’ın “Versuch einer Magnetischen Theorie” adlı kitabından türkçeye çevrilen ilk bilimsel kitaptır. Muhammed al Awfi’s Jami al- Hikayat (Turkçeye Ibn Arabşah çevirmiştir); Piri Reis’in Kitab-i Bahriye; Seydi Ali Reis’in “Risale-i Mirat-i Kainat min Alat-i Irtifa”, “Miratul Memalik” ve “Kitab Al-Muhit Fi˙Ilm’al-Eflak Va’l Abhur” gibi birçok kitapta manyetik pusuladan bahsedilmiştir. Osmanlı Türkleri tarafından İstanbul’da 1727 ve 1893 yıllarında yapılmış iki özgün manyetik sapma açısı ölçümü vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Jeofizik, Pusula, Tarihsel Manyetik Ölçümler

Proje Numarası

IRP- 49162

Kaynakça

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