KKTC BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNÜN TEMEL SORUNLARI VE UYGULANAN PROAKTİF VE REAKTİF STRETEJİLERİN KISMİ OLARAK VURGULANMASI

Öz

Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde KKTC 2000 yılının başında başlayan banka krizleri, 10 bankanın tasfiyesine ve 1999 Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla’sının GSMH % 50’sine tekabül edecek şekilde ekonomide 200 trilyon TL’lik kayıplara yol açmıştır. Söz konusu banka krizlerinin temel sebepleri ise bankacılık ile ilgili gözetleme, denetleme ve düzenlemeden sorumlu kurum ve kuruluşların proaktif stratejileri benimsememeleridir. Kriz sonrası sektörde istikrarı getirmek için başta yasal olmak üzere yapılan düzenlemeler, reaktif stratejilerin bir gereği olup özellikle dış çevrenin yaratacağı ve gelecekte olabilecek olumsuz unsurları dikkate almaktan uzaktır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı KKTC bankacılık sektörünün temel sorunlarını uygulanan reaktif ve proaktif stratejilere de vurgu yaparak analiz etmek ve bu yönde öneriler geliştirmektir. Çalışmada sırasıyla aşağıdaki kısımlar yer alacaktır. • Proaktif ve reaktif strateji kavramı Bankacılık sektörünün yapısı • KKTC bankacılık krizinin analizi • KKTC bankacılık sektörünün yapısal sorunları • Sonuç ve Öneriler

Anahtar Kelimeler

• KKTC, Bankacılık Sektörü, Proaktif ve Reaktif Strateji

BASIC PROBLEMS OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN THE TRNC WITH PARTIAL EMPHASIS ON THE PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE STRATEGIES APPLIED

Öz

The banking crisis of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus TRNC , which occurred at the beginning of the year 2000, has resulted in the liquidation of ten banks and ended up with economic losses of approximately 200 trillion TL, almost equivalent to 50% of GNP for 1999. The main reason for such huge losses for the TRNC economy is due to the fact that the commercial banks and the institutions responsible for regulation, monitoring, supervision of the financial sector together with those running the monetary policies did not have an organizational appreciation of proactive strategies. The amendments made to the Banking Law after the crises to reestablish stability within the sector could not go beyond reflecting the concept of reactive strategies and hence, did not include any proactive strategies necessary for eliminating the negative consequences of probable external factors. The main aim of this study is to analyze the basic problems of the banking sector in Northern Cyprus with partial emphasis on the applied proactive and reactive strategies and make recommendations accordingly. This study will include the following consecutive parts: - The concepts of proactive and reactive strategies - The current status and functionality of the TRNC Banking Sector - An analysis of the TRNC banking crisis - Structural problems of the banking sector in the TRNC - Conclusion and Recommendations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• TRNC, Banking Sector, Proactive and Reactive Strategies

Kaynakça

1. ABELL, D.F. (1999) Competing today while preparing for tomorrow (Special Issue: In search for strategy). Sloan Management Review, pp.6.
2. AYDIN, S. (2000) Asya Krizi ve Sermaya Hareketlerinin Vergilendirilmesi. Maliye Dergisi, Ocak-Nisan 2000 Sayı:133,
3. BATEMAN, T.S, (1999) Proactive behavior: meaning, impact, recommendations. Business Horizons, pp.5.
4. BLACK, F. (1995) Hedging Speculation, and Systemic Risk. Journal of Derivatives 2.
5. CAPRIO, G. (1998) Banking on Crises: Expensive Lessons from Recent Financial Crises. Policy Research Working Paper 1979, The World Bank.
6. DEMIRGUC-KUNT,A. & DETRAGIACHE, E. (1998) The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Counties. IMF Staff Papers, pp.83.
7. DIAMOND,D. AND DYBVIG,P., (1983) Banks Runs, Deposit Insurance and Liquidity .Journal of Political Economy, No.91, pp.401-419.
8. ERDÖNMEZ, A. P. VE TÜLAY, B. (2001) İsveç Bankacılık Krizi ve Bankacılık Sisteminin Yeniden Yapılandırılması. Bankacılık Araştırma Grubu, Türkiye Bankalar Birliği.

9. HOENIG, THOMAS M. (1999) Financial Regulation, Prudential Supervision, and Market Discipline: Striking a Balance . Conference on the Lessons from Recent Global Financial Crises, 1 October 1999, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
10. HUANG, H. VE WAJID, S. K. (2002) Financial Stability in the World of Global Finance. Finance & Development, March, ss. 13-16.
11. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (1998) Financial Crisis: Characteristics and Indicators of Vulnerability. World Economic Outlook(June), Chapter 4,
12. JACKILIN, C. AND BHATTACHARYA S. (1988) Distinguishing Panics and Information Base Bank Runs. Welfare and Policy Implications, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.96,pp.568-591
13. LLEWELLYN, D.T.(1999) Some Lessons for Regulation from Recent Bank Crisis . 2nd International Conference on the New Architecture of International Monetary System, 15 October 1999, Florence.
14. NORTHERN CYPRUS BANKERS’ ASSOCIATION (2002). Information obtained directly from the Association.
15. STATE PLANNING ORGANIZATION (2002) Year 2003 Transition Program. TRNC State Planning Organization, Nicosia.
16. SUNDARARAJAN, V. VE BALINO T. (1991) Issues in Recent Banking Crises in Developing Countries Banking Crises: cases and Issues . Washington:, International Monetary Fund, ss.1-57.
17. TRNC CENTRAL BANK (2000) Bulletin. No:28, September..
18. TRNC BANKING LAWS, 11/1976 and 39/2001.