ULUSLARARASI GIDA ÜRÜNLERİ TİCARETİ VE AFLATOKSİN YASAL DÜZENLEMELERİ

Öz

Günümüzde aflatoksin, gıda güvenliği için potansiyel bir tehdit olarak görülmeye devam etmektedir. Aflatoksinler insan sağlığı açısından zehirli toksik maddeler ile kanserojen etkiye yol açmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği ve uluslararası aflatoksin yasal düzenlemeleri paralel gelişmektedir. Dünya Ticaret Örgütü Sağlık ve Bitki Sağlığı Anlaşması gereğince Avrupa Birliği tarafından 1998 yılında kurutulmuş sert kabuklu meyveler, tahıllar, süt, yerfıstığı ve işlenmiş ürünlerde toplam aflatoksin ve B1 aflatoksini için sınırlamalara uyulması konusunda öneri getirilmektedir. Ancak, Avrupa Birliği ve FAO/WHO Gıda Kodeksi Komisyonu'nun uyguladığı aflatoksin standartları arasında farklılıklar yaşanmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği, kendi bilimsel komitelerinin görüşünü dikkate aldığını ve FAO/WHO Gıda Kodeksi Komisyonu limitlerine uymak zorunda olmadığını ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, belirtilen farklılıkların Türkiye ve diğer ihracatçı ülkelerin ticaretini nasıl etkileyeceği üzerinde durulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aflatoksin, Gıda, Ticaret, Yasal Düzenleme

INTERNATIONAL FOOD TRADE and LEGISLATION for AFLATOXINS

Öz

Currently aflatoxins continue to be a potential threat for food safety. Since aflatoxins have been shown to pose serious carcinogenic risks for human health, initiatives for both EU and international aflatoxin legislation are developing in parallel. As is required by the World Trade Organization Agrement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, the EU is demanding full compliance to the restrictions brought by EU in 1998 for total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 contents in dried fruits, nuts, cereals, milk, groundnuts and processed products. However, the EU and the joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission have implemented two different standarts for aflatoxin contents in foods. The EU places more importance on the opinions set forth by its own scientific committees and asserts that imports to EU have to conform to the limits set forth by EU and not to those set by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. This review aims to reflect how the implementation of these two different standards on aflatoxins in foods will affect the trade flow of exporting countries including Turkey

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aflatoxin, food, trade, legislation

Kaynakça

1. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. (1997). Official Journal of the European Communities (Commission regulation (EC) No: 194/97 L 031 01 January 1997).
2. Commitee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures G/SPS/GEN/50, G/SPS/GEN/55 and G/SPS/GEN/57. (1998). World Trade Organization, Geneva.
3. Amending regulation (EC) No: 194/97 of 31 January 1997 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. (1998). Official Journal of the European Communities (Commission regulation (EC) No: 1525/98 of 16 July 1998. L 201,17/07/1998).
4. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. (2001). Official Journal of the European Communities (Commission regulation (EC) No: 466/2001 of 8 March 2001, L 077, 16 March 2001).
5. Aamending Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. (2002). Official Journal of the European Communities (Commission regulation (EC) No 472/2002 of 12 March 2002.L 75/18, 16 March 2002).
6. Final report of a mission carried out in Turkey from 3rd to 8th March 2003 in order to assess the control systems in place to prevent aflatoxin contamination in hazelnuts and dried figs intended for export to the European Community and to follow up recommendations made in report SANCO/1256/2000. (2003). Journal of the European Communities (Commission of the European Communities Directorate Food and Veterinary Office DG(SANCO)9105/2003).
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