EMPLOYMENT INTENSITY FOR THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SECTORS IN TURKEY

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between employment intensity and growth in Turkey’s manufacturing and service sectors via taking into consideration the Eurostat technology classification for the period between 2003 and 2015. Relying on a - Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function, employment demand functions are estimated for different manufacturing sub sectors with different technology levels and service sectors with different information content. The results reveal that real wages are the main determinant of employment demand with a negative coefficient, in line with the related literature. Employment elasticities of output have been positive and statistically significant, except for the medium-low (ML) technology sub sectors. Manufacturing sub sectors has relatively low and insignificant coefficients which could be considered as a weak sign of jobless growth. The interest rate seems to be negative and statistically significant. On the other hand, we did not find any significant relationship between inflation (inf) and employment demand except for less knowledge-based service (LKIS) sectors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Employment Intensity
• Economic Growth
• Jobless Growth.

TÜRKİYE’DE İMALAT VE HİZMET SEKTÖRLERİNDE İSTİHDAM ESNEKLİĞİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’nin sanayi ve hizmet sektörlerinde büyüme ve istihdam talebi arasındaki ilişkiyi Euro-stat teknoloji içeriği sınıflamasını dikkate alarak 2003-2015 dönemi için incelemektir. Sabit İkame Esnekliğine (CES) sahip bir üretim fonksiyonundan hareketle farklı teknoloji seviyesine sahip imalat ve farklı bilgi içeriğine sahip hizmet sektörleri için emek talep fonksiyonlarını tahmin edilmiştir. Bulgular, reel ücretin katsayısının beklendiği gibi negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olup, reel ücret emek talebinin en önemli belirleyicisi olarak bulunmuştur. İstihdam çıktı esnekliği istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif katsayıya sahiptir. Orta düşük teknolojili imalat sektörlerinde ise görece düşük katsayıya sahip olup, anlamsız bulunması bu sektörlerde istihdamsız büyüme olabileceğine dair zayıf bir işaret olarak değerlendirilebilir. Faiz istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve istihdam talebi üzerine negatif etki etmektedir. Diğer yandan, düşük bilgi içerikli hizmet sektör grubu hariç enflasyon katsayıları anlamsız bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İstihdam Yoğunluğu
• İktisadi Büyüme
• İstihdamsız Büyüme

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