A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURE ON URBAN AGRICULTURE

Öz

Urban agriculture includes agricultural activities in urban areas conducted at different scales and with different purposes. Pandemic, climate changes, external shocks to food security and concerns about feeding city population have led to increasing interest in the concept of urban agriculture. The current study is carried out to review international scientific literature on urban agriculture based on bibliometric information obtained from WOS Core Collection database. Data included bibliometric information of 2,225 articles published after 2000 in English in scholarly journals. VOS Viewer is used to analyze the data; time, country, author, keyword network, number of citations, country and author citation network are studied. Data analyses show a serious increase in the number of articles, especially after 2017, a majority of which geographically focusing on the USA, Canada, China and European countries. It is also found that the largest geographical cluster of the citation network is all around America while the keyword network highlights interdisiplinarity of the topic intersecting managarial and environmental sciences. The author citation network shows clusters around McClintock, Bueckert, and Rieradevall. This study provides a ground for novel studies by analyzing current situation of urban agriculture which, based on the theoretical perspectives of spatial organization of agricultural production as well as implementational policies, is highly significant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban Agriculture
• Bibliometric Analysis
• Food
• Sustainability

KENTSEL TARIM LİTERATÜRÜ ÜZERİNE BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ

Öz

Kentsel tarım, farklı ölçek ve amaçları kapsayacak şekilde kentsel alanlarda yapılan tarımsal faaliyetleri kapsamaktadır. Pandemi, iklim değişiklikleri, gıda güvenliğine dönük dışsal şoklar ve kentlerin gıda ihtiyacına ilişkin artan kaygılar, kentsel tarım kavramına olan ilginin artışına neden olmuştur. Bu makalede, WOS Core Collection veri tabanından elde edilen bibliyometrik bilgilere dayanarak kentsel tarıma dair uluslararası bilimsel alan yazının bir taraması sunulmaktadır. Bibliyometrik veri, 2000 yılı sonrasında bilimsel dergilerde İngilizce yayınlanmış makalelerde konu bakımından yapılan taramada elde edilen 2.225 makalenin bilgisini içermektedir. Analizde VOS Viewer programı kullanılmış ve literatür zaman, ülke, yazar, anahtar kelime ağı, atıf sayısı, ülke ve yazar atıf ağı bakımından incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, coğrafi olarak en çok Amerika, Kanada, Çin ve Kıta Avrupası ülkelerine odaklanan makale sayısında özellikle 2017 sonrası ciddi bir artış yaşanmıştır. Atıf ağında en büyük kümelenmenin Amerika etrafında olduğu, anahtar kelime ağında çalışmaların disiplinler arası yapısını gösterir şekilde yönetim ve çevre bilimlerinden eşleşmeler olduğu ve yazar atıf ağında özellikle McClintock, Bueckert ve Rieradevall’in etrafındaki kümelenmelerin öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Bu makale, önümüzdeki yıllarda tarımsal üretimin mekânsal örgütlenişine dair teorik perspektifler ve uygulanacak politikalar açısından son derece önemli bir mecra olma potansiyeli taşıyan kentsel tarım literatürünün güncel durumunu ortaya koyarak yeni araştırmalar için bir zemin sunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel Tarım
• Bibliyometrik Analiz
• Gıda
• Sürdürülebilirlik

Kaynakça

1. Allen, A. (2003). Environmental planning and management of the peri-urban interface: Perspectives on an emerging field. Environmental Planning and Management, 15(1), 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/09562478030150 0103
2. Broadus, R. (1987). Toward a definition of “bibliometrics”. Scientometrics, 12(5– 6), 373–379.
3. De Zeeuw, H. (2004). The development of urban agriculture; some lessons learnt. Paper Presented at Urban Agriculture, Agro-Tourism and City Region Development, Beijing, China. 10-14 October 2004.
4. Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N. ve Lim, M. W. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133(2021), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres. 2021.04.070
5. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO]. (2022). Urban and peri-urban agriculture sourcebook. Erişim adresi: https://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/CB9722EN/
6. Grewal, S. S. ve Grewal, S. P. (2012). Can cities become self-reliant in food? Cities, 29(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.06.003
7. Jarosz, L. (2008). The city in the country: Growing alternative food networks in metropolitan areas. Journal of Rural Studies, 24(3), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2007.10.002
8. Lin, Y., Hao, P. ve Geertman, S. (2015). A conceptual framework on modes of governance for the regeneration of Chinese ‘villages in the city’. Urban Studies, 52(10), 1774–1790. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0042098014540345

9. McClintock, N. (2014a). Radical, reformist, and garden-variety neoliberal: Coming to terms with urban agriculture's contradictions. Local Environment, 12(4), 147-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13549839.2012.752797
10. McClintock, N. (2010). Why farm the city? Theorizing urban agriculture through a lens of metabolic rift. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(2), 191-207. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsq005 Mougeot, L. J. A. (2000). Thematic paper 1 urban agriculture: Definition, presence and potentials and risks. N., Bakker, M., Dubbeling, S., Gundel, U., SabelKoschella ve H., Zeeuw (Ed.), Growing cities, growing foods: Urban agriculture on the policy agenda içinde (1–42. ss.). German Foundation for International Development.
11. Nabulo, G., Oryem-Origa, H. ve Diamond, M. (2006). Assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc contamination of roadside soils, surface films, and vegetables in Kampala City, Uganda. Environmental Research, 101(1), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2005.12.016
12. Saldivar-Tanaka, L. (2004). Culturing community development, neighborhood open space, and civic agriculture: The case of Latino community gardens in New York City. Agriculture and Human Values, 21, 399-412 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AHUM. 0000047207.57128 .a5
13. Smit, J., Nasr, J. ve Ratta., A. (1996). Urban agriculture: Food, jobs and sustainable cities. New York: UNDP.
14. Specht, K., Siebert, R., Hartmann, I., Freisinger, B. U., Sawicka, M., Werner, A., … Dierich, A. (2014). Urban agriculture of the future: An overview of sustainability aspects of food production in and on buildings. Agriculture and Human Values, 31(1), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-013-9448-4 TÜBİTAK (2022). Bibliyometri nedir? Erişim adresi: https://cabim.ulakbim.gov.tr/bibliyometrik-analiz/bibliyometrik-analiz-sikca-sorulan-sorular/
15. Yan, D., Liu, L., Liu, X. ve Zhang, M. (2022). Global trends in urban agriculture research: A pathway toward urban resilience and sustainability. Land, 11(117), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11010117
16. Yusuf, A. S. M., Haris, B. B. N., Man, N. ve Ahmi, A. (2022). Examining the trend of social science research on urban agriculture: A bibliometric review. Central Asia and the Caucasus, 23(1), 1696-1716. https://doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.22.1.172
17. Zezza, A. ve Tasciotti, T. (2010). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food Policy, 35(4), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.04.007