SU TÜKETİMİ İLE TARIM, SANAYİ, TURİZM SEKTÖRLERİ İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE PANEL NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ

Öz

Su tüketimiyle sektörlerin gerçekleştirdiği faaliyetler arasında bir bağlantı kurulması mümkündür. Sektörel açıdan suyun etkin ve verimli kullanımı ile bir taraftan sürdürülebilir kalkınma sağlanırken, öte taraftan su kaynaklarının korunması da mümkün hale gelmektedir. Tarım sektörü, suyun en yoğun kullanıldığı alandır ki; suyun etkin ve verimli kullanımı, tarım sektöründe verimlilik ve üretimin artması açısından son derece önemlidir. Ayrıca sanayi üretim süreçleri genellikle su tüketimini gerekli kılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla sanayi katma değerindeki artış, üretim faaliyetlerini genişleterek daha fazla su kullanımına neden olabilmektedir. Turizm talebindeki artış ise konaklama, yeme-içme gibi çeşitli turistik faaliyetlere yoğunluk katarak su tüketimini artırabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; en çok turist çeken ülkelerden “İtalya, İspanya, Türkiye, Almanya, Hollanda ve Romanya” için su tüketimi ve tarım, sanayi, turizm sektörleri ilişkisini 2000-2019 dönemine ait yıllık veriler üzerinden panel nedensellik analizi ile incelemektir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, tarımsal katma değerin gayri safi yurt içi hâsıla (GSYH)’deki payı ile su tüketimi arasında tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra sanayi katma değerin (GSYH)’deki payı ile su tüketimi arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Turizm talebi ile su tüketimi arasında tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, özellikle su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliği ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarımı adına su tüketiminin sektörlere göre dengelenmesi ve yönetimi konusunda çeşitli politikaların geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu noktada verilebilecek en önemli politika önerisi ise akıllı tarım, sanayi ve turizm teknolojileri ile su tüketiminin kontrol altına alınabileceğidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Su Tüketimi
• Tarımsal Katma Değer
• Sanayi Katma Değer
• Turizm Talebi

PANEL CAUSALITY ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER CONSUMPTION AND AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND TOURISM SECTORS

Öz

It is possible to establish a connection between water consumption and the activities carried out by the various sectors. With the effective and efficient use of water from a sectoral perspective, sustainable development is ensured on the one hand, and the protection of water resources becomes possible on the other. The agricultural sector is where water is used most intensively; effective and efficient use of water is essential in increasing productivity and production in the agricultural sector. In addition, industrial production processes generally require water consumption. Therefore, the added industrial value may cause more water use by expanding production activities. The increase in tourism demand may increase water consumption by intensifying various touristic activities such as accommodation, food, and beverage. This study aims to investigate the relationship between water consumption and agriculture, industry and tourism sectors for “Italy, Spain, Turkiye, Germany, the Netherlands and Romania”, which are among the countries that attract the highest number of tourists, through panel causality analysis on annual data for the period 2000-2019. According to the results of the analysis, an unidirectional causality relationship was found between the share of agricultural value added to gross domestic product (GDP) and water consumption. In addition, a bidirectional causality relationship was found between the share of industrial value added to GDP and water consumption. An unidirectional causality relationship was found between tourism demand and water consumption. As a result, it is necessary to develop various policies on balancing and managing water consumption according to sectors, especially for the sustainability and transfer of water resources to future generations. The most critical policy recommendation at this point is that water consumption can be controlled by intelligent agriculture, industry, and tourism technologies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Water Consumption
• Agricultural Value Added
• Industrial Value Added
• Tourism Demand

Kaynakça

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