Araştırma Makalesi
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TÜRKİYE’DE BELEDİYELERDE DEMOKRASİNİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ BAĞLAMINDA DİJİTAL DEMOKRASİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 9, 55 - 68, 30.07.2022

Öz

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan yenilikler sosyal, kültürel ve siyasal alanları önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Birçok alanda daha fazla bilgiye ihtiyaç duyma, hızlı erişim ve katılım gibi durumlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu durum vatandaşın yönetim sürecindeki konumunu da etkilemiştir. Yönetimde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin yansımasının bir sonucu olarak dijital demokrasinin gelişimi, vatandaşların yönetim organlarına yaklaşma ve onlarla iletişim kurma biçimlerinde dönüşüm meydana getirmiştir. Nitekim dijital dönüşüm demokrasiyi dönüştürerek vatandaşlara çevrimiçi tartışmalar, yönetim süreçlerine katılma ve yöneticilerle çevrimiçi iletişim kurma imkânı sunmuştur. Bütün bu yenilikler yerel yönetimlerde yönetici-vatandaş ilişkisini sağlamlaştıracak uygulamaların ortaya çıkmasına katkı sağlamıştır.
Bu çalışmayla bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin demokrasi ilkelerine yansımasının sonuçları dikkate alınarak bazı ölçütler belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen bu üç farklı dijital demokrasi ölçütüne (e-şeffaflık, e-hesap verilebilirlik, e-katılım) göre Türkiye’deki 30 büyükşehir belediyesi ve 51 il belediyesinin web siteleri incelenmiştir. Web sitelerinin analizi sonucunda başarılı olan belediyelerin üst düzey yöneticileri ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme gerçekleştirilerek Türkiye’deki belediyelerin dijital demokrasi profilinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada Türkiye’deki belediyelerin dijital demokrasi uygulamalarına göre hangi aşamada olduğu sorusunun yanıtı aranmaya çalışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, M. (2020). Bilgi Toplumu Küreselleşme ve Demokrasi. Bursa: Doruk Yayıncılık.
  • Baker, D. (2004). E-government: Website Usability of the Most Populous Counties. Arizona State University.
  • Council of Europe (2009). Committee of Ministers, ‎Council of Europe. Directorate of Legal Affairs.
  • Council of Europe (2008). E-Democracy: Who dares? Forum for the Future of Democracy 2008 Session. Madrid, Spain Directorate General of Democracy and Political Affairs.
  • Dedeoğlu, G. (2016). Teknoloji, İletişim, Yeni Medya ve Etik. İstanbul: Sentez.
  • Dijk, V. (2012). Digital Democracy: Vision and Reality. Public Administration in the Information Age: Revisited, 19, 49.
  • European Parliamentary Research Service, (2018). Prospects for e-Democracy in Europe. Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA).
  • Fermanoğlu, M. Ö. (2019). Yeni Medya Siyasal İletişim ve Dijital Demokrasi. İstanbul: Nobel.
  • Gupta, D. K., & Biswas, A. K. (2021). The Institutionalization of e-Democracy: Challenges, Risks and Future Directions in an Indian Context. JeDEM-eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government, 13(1), 127-143.
  • Hague, B. N. & Loader, B. D. (Eds.). (2005). Digital Democracy. Discourse and Decision Making in the Information Age. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Hennen, L., Van Keulen, I., Korthagen, I., Aichholzer, G., Lindner, R. & Nielsen, R. Ø. (2020). European e-Democracy in Practice. Springer Nature.
  • Holubiak, N. (2018). The Effect of New Technologies on Civic Participation Models. Przegląd Politologiczny, 4, 51-61.
  • Kormych, L. I. & Kormych, A. I. (2019). E-Democracy And Enhancıng Publıc Admınıstratıon In Ukraıne: The Issues of Transıtıon. State And Law In The Context of Globalızatıon: Realıtıes And Prospects, 52.
  • Kubicek, H. & Westholm, H. (2007). Scenarios for Future Use of e-Democracy Tools in Europe. International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR), 1(3), 33-50.
  • Lindner, R. & Aichholzer, G. (2019). E-Democracy: Conceptual Foundations and Recent Ttrends. In European E-Democracy in Practice (pp. 11-45). Springer, Cham.
  • Macintosh, A. (2004). Characterizing e-participation in policy-making. In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Proceedings of the (pp. 10-pp). IEEE.
  • Massaka, I. (2016). Selected Issues of E-Democracy and Political E-Participation. Historia i Polityka, 25(18), 9-18.
  • Moon, M. J. (2002). The Evolution of e-Government Among Municipalities: Rheetoric or Reality?. Public Administration Rewiew, 62(4), 424-433.
  • Norris, D. (2007). Electronic Democracy at the American Grassroots Current Issues and Trends in E-Goverment Research (D. Norris Ed.), London: Cyber Tech Publishing.
  • Omelichkin, O. V. (2014). E-Democracy: Concept And Problems. Kemerovo State University Bulletin, 1(2).
  • Pérez, C. C., Bolivar, M. P. R., & Hernández, A. M. L. (2008). e‐Government Process and Incentives for Online Public Financial Information. Online Information Review.
  • Simon, J., Bass, T., Boelman, V. & Mulgan, G. (2017). Digital Democracy. The Tools Transforming Political Engagement. Nesta.
  • Timonen, A. (2013). Digital democracy in the EU. European View, 12(1), 103-112.
  • Uçkan, Ö. (2003). E-Devlet E-Demokrasi ve Türkiye. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Varn, R. J. (1994). Information Policy: The State's Role–Electronic Democracy: Jeffersonian Boom or Teraflop?. Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 2(1), 39-44.
  • Yıldırım, U. ve Öner Ş. (2004). Bilgi Toplumu Sürecinde Yerel yönetimlerde Eğitim-Bilişim Teknolojisinden Yararlanma: Türkiye’de E-Belediye Uygulamaları. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 3(1), 49-60.
  • Zittel, T. (2001). Electronic Democracy and Electronic Parliaments: A Comparison between the US House. The Swedish Riksdagen and the German Bundestag.

DIGITAL DEMOCRACY IN THE CONTEXT OF TRANSFORMATION OF DEMOCRACY IN MUNICIPALITIES IN TURKEY: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 9, 55 - 68, 30.07.2022

Öz

Innovations in information and communication technologies have significantly affected social, cultural and political fields. In many areas, situations such as needing more information, rapid access and participation have emerged. This situation also affected the position of the citizen in the management process. As a result of the reflection of information and communication technologies in the administration, the development of digital democracy has brought about a transformation in the way citizens approach and communicate with the governing bodies. As a matter of fact, digital transformation has transformed democracy and offered citizens the opportunity to discuss online, participate in management processes and communicate online with managers. All these innovations have contributed to the emergence of practices that will strengthen the manager-citizen relationship in local governments.
In this study, some criteria were determined by taking into account the results of the reflection of information and communication technologies on the principles of democracy. According to these three different criteria of digital democracy (e-transparency, e-accountability, e-participation) determined, the websites of 30 metropolitan municipalities and 51 provincial municipalities in Turkey were examined. As a result of the analysis of the websites, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the senior manager of the municipalities that were successful, and it was aimed to reveal the digital democracy profile of the municipalities in Turkey. In addition, in the study, the answer to the question of what stage the municipalities in Turkey are in according to the practices of digital democracy has been tried to be sought.

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, M. (2020). Bilgi Toplumu Küreselleşme ve Demokrasi. Bursa: Doruk Yayıncılık.
  • Baker, D. (2004). E-government: Website Usability of the Most Populous Counties. Arizona State University.
  • Council of Europe (2009). Committee of Ministers, ‎Council of Europe. Directorate of Legal Affairs.
  • Council of Europe (2008). E-Democracy: Who dares? Forum for the Future of Democracy 2008 Session. Madrid, Spain Directorate General of Democracy and Political Affairs.
  • Dedeoğlu, G. (2016). Teknoloji, İletişim, Yeni Medya ve Etik. İstanbul: Sentez.
  • Dijk, V. (2012). Digital Democracy: Vision and Reality. Public Administration in the Information Age: Revisited, 19, 49.
  • European Parliamentary Research Service, (2018). Prospects for e-Democracy in Europe. Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA).
  • Fermanoğlu, M. Ö. (2019). Yeni Medya Siyasal İletişim ve Dijital Demokrasi. İstanbul: Nobel.
  • Gupta, D. K., & Biswas, A. K. (2021). The Institutionalization of e-Democracy: Challenges, Risks and Future Directions in an Indian Context. JeDEM-eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government, 13(1), 127-143.
  • Hague, B. N. & Loader, B. D. (Eds.). (2005). Digital Democracy. Discourse and Decision Making in the Information Age. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Hennen, L., Van Keulen, I., Korthagen, I., Aichholzer, G., Lindner, R. & Nielsen, R. Ø. (2020). European e-Democracy in Practice. Springer Nature.
  • Holubiak, N. (2018). The Effect of New Technologies on Civic Participation Models. Przegląd Politologiczny, 4, 51-61.
  • Kormych, L. I. & Kormych, A. I. (2019). E-Democracy And Enhancıng Publıc Admınıstratıon In Ukraıne: The Issues of Transıtıon. State And Law In The Context of Globalızatıon: Realıtıes And Prospects, 52.
  • Kubicek, H. & Westholm, H. (2007). Scenarios for Future Use of e-Democracy Tools in Europe. International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR), 1(3), 33-50.
  • Lindner, R. & Aichholzer, G. (2019). E-Democracy: Conceptual Foundations and Recent Ttrends. In European E-Democracy in Practice (pp. 11-45). Springer, Cham.
  • Macintosh, A. (2004). Characterizing e-participation in policy-making. In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Proceedings of the (pp. 10-pp). IEEE.
  • Massaka, I. (2016). Selected Issues of E-Democracy and Political E-Participation. Historia i Polityka, 25(18), 9-18.
  • Moon, M. J. (2002). The Evolution of e-Government Among Municipalities: Rheetoric or Reality?. Public Administration Rewiew, 62(4), 424-433.
  • Norris, D. (2007). Electronic Democracy at the American Grassroots Current Issues and Trends in E-Goverment Research (D. Norris Ed.), London: Cyber Tech Publishing.
  • Omelichkin, O. V. (2014). E-Democracy: Concept And Problems. Kemerovo State University Bulletin, 1(2).
  • Pérez, C. C., Bolivar, M. P. R., & Hernández, A. M. L. (2008). e‐Government Process and Incentives for Online Public Financial Information. Online Information Review.
  • Simon, J., Bass, T., Boelman, V. & Mulgan, G. (2017). Digital Democracy. The Tools Transforming Political Engagement. Nesta.
  • Timonen, A. (2013). Digital democracy in the EU. European View, 12(1), 103-112.
  • Uçkan, Ö. (2003). E-Devlet E-Demokrasi ve Türkiye. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Varn, R. J. (1994). Information Policy: The State's Role–Electronic Democracy: Jeffersonian Boom or Teraflop?. Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 2(1), 39-44.
  • Yıldırım, U. ve Öner Ş. (2004). Bilgi Toplumu Sürecinde Yerel yönetimlerde Eğitim-Bilişim Teknolojisinden Yararlanma: Türkiye’de E-Belediye Uygulamaları. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 3(1), 49-60.
  • Zittel, T. (2001). Electronic Democracy and Electronic Parliaments: A Comparison between the US House. The Swedish Riksdagen and the German Bundestag.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Derya Kaman 0000-0002-9309-4047

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 9

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaman, D. (2022). TÜRKİYE’DE BELEDİYELERDE DEMOKRASİNİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ BAĞLAMINDA DİJİTAL DEMOKRASİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi(9), 55-68.