Examining the Historical Adventure of Nationalism Literature by the Method of Bibliometric Analysis

Öz

This study aims to evaluate the development of nationalism academic literature in the world through bibliometric analysis. The absence of a similar study -a bibliometric study on the nationalism literature in Turkey-, which seeks to answer the question of how the development of nationalism is shaped in academic literature, makes this study more meaningful. In this context, contributing to the Turkish political science literature constitutes another goal of this study. This study examines 9175 articles between 1975-2021 on nationalism and related concepts and theories according to the development of the literature in the Web of Science database. There were discussed through co-author analysis on country basis, co-citation analysis on country basis, co-author analysis, co-entity analysis, and bibliometric mapping. According to the results of this study, it has been determined that the concepts of nationalism, racism, ethnicity and modernism have been studied intensively in the nationalism literature, which has a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary nature, today as well as in the past, and that nationalism continues its potential existence as a field of study in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nationalism
• Bibliometric Analysis
• Web of Science

Milliyetçilik Yazınının Tarihsel Serüveninin Bibliyometrik Analiz Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, dünyadaki milliyetçilik akademik yazınının gelişimini bibliyometrik analiz aracılığıyla değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Akademik yazında milliyetçiliğin gelişiminin nasıl şekillendiği soruna cevap arayan bu çalışmanın bir benzerinin -milliyetçilik yazınına dair Türkiye’de bibliyometrik bir çalışmanın- bulunmaması, bu çalışmayı daha anlamlı hale getirmektedir. Bu bağlamada Türk siyaset bilimi yazınına katkı sağlamak, bu çalışmanın hedeflerinden bir diğerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Web of Science veri tabanında milliyetçilik ile yazının gelişimine göre onunla ilişkili kavramlar ve teorilere yönelik 1975-2021 yılları arasındaki 9175 makaleyi incelemektedir. Söz konusu makaleler; atıf analizi, ortak yazar analizi, ülkelere göre ortak atıf analizi, ülkelere göre ortak yazar analizi, ortak varlık analizi ve bibliyometrik haritalama aracılığıyla ele alınmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmanın sonucuna göre; milliyetçilik, ırkçılık, etnisite ve modernizm kavramlarının multidisipliner ve interdisipliner bir nitelik sergileyen milliyetçilik yazınında geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de oldukça yoğun bir şekilde çalışıldığı ve gelecekte milliyetçiliğin bir çalışma alanı olarak potansiyel varlığını sürdürdüğü tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Milliyetçilik
• Bibliyometrik Analiz
• Web of Science

Kaynakça

1. Al, U., ve Tonta, Y. (2004). Atıf analizi: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Kütüphanecilik Bölümü tezlerinde atıf yapılan kaynaklar. Bilgi Dünyası, 5(1), 19-47.
2. Bieber, F. (2018). Is nationalism on the rise? Assessing global trends. Ethnopolitics, 17(5), 519-540.
3. Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social space and symbolic power. Sociological Theory, 1, 14-25.
4. Bourdieu, P. (2015). Ayrım beğeni yargısının toplumsal eleştirisi (D. Fırat ve G. Berkkurt, Çev.). İstanbul: Heretik Yayınları.
5. Broadus, R. N. (1987). Toward a definition of “bibliometrics”. Scientometrics, 12(5), 373-379.
6. Brubaker, R. (1990). Immigration, citizenship, and the nation-state in France and Germany: A comparative historical analysis. International Sociology, 5, 379-407.
7. Brubaker, R. (1996). Nationalism reframed: Nationhood and the national question in the new Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8. Brubaker, R. (2005). The ‘diaspora’ diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies 28(1), 1-19.

9. Brubaker, R. (2002). Ethnicity without groups. European Journal of Sociology, 43(2), 163–189.
10. Brubaker, R. (2004). Ethnicity without groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
11. Brubaker, R. (2016). Trans: Gender and race in the age of unsettled identities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
12. Brubaker, R. (2020). Populism and nationalism. Nations and Nationalism, 26(1), 44-66.
13. Cederman, L. E., Wimmer, A. ve Min, B. (2010). Why do ethnic groups rebel? New data and analysis. World Politics, 62(1), 87–119.
14. Coleman, J. S. (1958). Nigeria: Background to nationalism. California: University of California.
15. Cutter, S. L. ve Finch, C. (2008). Temporal and spatial changes in social vulnerability to natural hazards. PNAS, 105(7), 2301-2306.
16. Fearon, J. ve Laitin, D. (2003). Ethnicity, insurgency and civil war. American Political Science Review, 97(1), 75-90.
17. Ferreira, J. J. M., Fernandes, C. I. ve Ratten, V. (2016). A co-citation bibliometric analysis of strategic management research. Scientometrics, 109(1), 1-32.
18. Gee, G. C. ve Ford, C. L. (2011). Structural racism and health inequities: Old issues, new directions. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 8(1), 115-132.
19. Ginther, D. K., Schaffer, W. T., Schnell, J., Masimore, B., Liu, F., Haak, L. L. ve Kington, R. (2011). Race, ethnicity and NIH research awards. SCIENCE, 333(6045), 1015-1019.
20. Habyarimana, J., Humphreys, M., Posner, D. ve Weinstein, J. (2007). Why does ethnic diversity undermine public goods provision?. American Political Science Review, 101(4), 709-725.
21. Hill Collins, P. (2015). Intersectionality's definitional dilemmas. Annual Review of Sociology, 41(1), 1-20.
22. Hodson, R., Sekulic, D. ve Massey, G. (1994). National tolerance in the Former Yugoslavia. American Journal of Sociology, 99(6), 1534-1558.
23. Kalmijn, M. (1998). Intermarriage and homogamy: Causes, patterns, trends. Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), 395-421.
24. Kelly T.L., Wilson K.E. ve Heymsfield S.B. (2009). Dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry body composition reference values from NHANES. PLoS ONE, 4(9), e7038.
25. Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D. ve Graepel, T. (2013). Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. PNAS, 110(15), 5802-5805.
26. Mas-Verdu, F., Garcia-Alvarez-Coque, J. M., Nieto-Aleman, P. A. ve Roig-Tierno, N. (2021). A systematic mapping review of European Political Science. European Political Science, 20(1), 85-104.
27. Mele, M., Ferreira, P. G., Reverter, F., DeLuca, D. S., Monlong, J., Sammeth, M., Young, T. R., Goldmann, J. M., Pervouchine, D. D., Sullivan, T. J., Johnson, R., Segre, A.V., Djebali, S., Niarchou, A., Wright, F.A., Lappalainen, T., Calvo, M., Getz, G., Dermitzakis, E. T., Ardlie, K. G. ve Guigo, R. (2015). The human transcriptome across tissues and individuals. SCIENCE, 348(6235), 660-665.
28. Mukherjee, D., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D. ve Goyal, K. (2022). Mapping five decades of international business and management research on India: A bibliometric analysis and future directions. Journal of Business Research, 145, 864-891.
29. Özkırımlı, U. (1999). Milliyetçilik kuramları eleştirel bir bakış. İstanbul: Sarmal Yayıncılık.
30. Öztürk, M. ve Gök, S. G. (2020a). Covid-19 döneminde yönetim yazınındaki araştırma trendlerinin bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi ile incelenmesi. Kapadokya Akademik Bakış, 4(2), 73-89.
31. Öztürk, M., ve Gök, S. G. (2020b). Örgütsel dedikodu kavramına genel bir bakış: Bibliyometrik analizi ile kavramsal çerçeveden gelecek araştırma yönelimlerine. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(2), 1668-1683.
32. Öztürk, R. (2020a). Niş pazarlama yaklaşımının bibliyometrik analiz ile incelenmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(3), 2799-2810.
33. Öztürk, R. (2020b). The trends of marketing literature during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A review with bibliometric analysis. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 16, 3251-3273.
34. Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., Gupta, A., Kelaher, M. ve Gee, G. (2015). Racism as a determinant of health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 10(9), e0138511.
35. Portes, A. ve Rumbaut, R. G. (1996). Immigrant America: A portrait. California: University of California Press.
36. Portes, A., Guarnizo, L. E. ve Landolt, P. (1999) The study of transnationalism: Pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22(2), 217-237.
37. Prejean J, Song R, Hernandez A, Ziebell R, Green T, Walker, F., Lin, L.S., An, Q., Mermin, J., Lansky, A. ve Hall, H. I. (2011). Estimated HIV incidence in the United States 2006-2009. PLOS ONE 6(8), e17502.
38. Sampaio, R. B., Fonseca, M. V. D. A. ve Zicker, F. (2016). Co-authorship network analysis in health research: Method and potential use. Health Research Policy and Systems, 14(1), 1-10.
39. Scheepers, P., Gijsberts, M. ve Coenders, M. (2002). Ethnic exclusionism in European countries: Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived ethnic threat. European Sociological Review, 18(1), 17-34.
40. Sekulić D., Massey, G. ve Hodson, R. (2006). Ethnic intolerance and ethnic conflict in the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 29(5), 797-827.
41. Tajfel, H. (1969). The formation of national attitudes: A social-psychological perspective. Muzafer Sherif ve Carolyn Sherif (Ed.), Interdisciplinary Relationships in the Social Sciences. New York: Routledge.
42. Tajfel, H. (1970). Aspects of national and ethnic loyalty. Social Science Information, 9(3), 119-144.
43. Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Social Science Information, 13(2), 65-93.
44. Tishkoff, S. A, Reed, F. A, Friedlaender, F. R, Ehret, C., Ranciaro, A., Froment, A., Hirbo, J. B, Awomoyi, A. A, Bodo, J. M., Doumbo, O., Ibrahim, M., Juma, A. T., Kotze, M. J., Lema, G., Moore, J. H, Mortensen, H., Nyambo, T. B., Omar, S. A, Powell, K., Pretorius, G. S., Smith, M. W., Thera, M. A., Wambebe, C., Weber, J. L. ve Williams, S. M. (2009). The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans. SCIENCE, 324(5930), 1035-1044.
45. Van Eck, N. J. ve Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538.
46. Waltman, L., Van Eck, N. J. ve Noyons, E. C. (2010). A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. Journal of Informetrics, 4(4), 629-635.
47. Williams D.R., Yu, Y., Jackson J. S. ve Anderson N.B. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335-351.
48. Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H. W. ve Jackson, J. S. (2003). Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 200-208.
49. Williams D.R. ve Mohammed S.A. (2013). Racism and health I: Pathways and scientific evidence. American Behavioral Scientist. 57(8),1152-1173.
50. Williamson, E. J., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., Curtis, H. J., Mehrkar, A., Evans, D., Inglesby, P., Cockburn, J., McDonald, H. I., MacKenna, B., Tomlinson, L., Douglas, I. J., Rentsch, C. T., Mathur, R., Wong, A. Y. S., Grieve, R., Harrison, D., Forbes, H., Schultze, A., Croker, R., Parry, J., Hester, F., Harper, S., Perera, R., Evans, S. J. W., Smeeth, L. ve Ben G. (2020). Factors associated with COVID-19 related death using Open SAFELY. Nature, 584, 430–436.
51. Wimmer, A. (2008). The making and unmaking of ethnic boundaries: A multilevel process theory. American Journal of Sociology, 113(4), 970-1022.
52. Wimmer, A. ve Glick Schiller, N. (2002). Methodological nationalism and beyond: Nation–state building, migration and the social sciences. Global Networks, 2, 301-334.
53. Yu, Z., Han, S., Zhu J., Sun X., Ji, C. ve Guo, X. (2013). Pre-Pregnancy body mass index in relation to infant birth weight and offspring overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e61627.
54. Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Intersectionality and feminist politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(3), 193-209.
55. Zan, B. U. (2019). Doğrudan atıf, ortak atıf ve bibliyografik eşleşme yaklaşımlarına dayalı olarak araştırma alanlarının değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(2), 501-516.