Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri Bağlamında OECD Ülkelerinde Sürdürülebilir Finans Uygulamaları

Öz

OECD ülkelerinde sürdürülebilir kalkınma gündemi doğrultusunda geliştirilen finansal araçlar, çevresel ve toplumsal hedefleri ekonomik karar alma süreçlerine entegre etme potansiyeliyle öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında yeşil tahvillerden sosyal ve sürdürülebilirlik tahvillerine, sürdürülebilirlik bağlantılı kredilerden karbon piyasalarına kadar uzanan geniş bir araç yelpazesi incelenmiştir. Ülke örneklerine dayalı karşılaştırmalar, bu araçların yatırımcı güvenini artıran yeni kurumsal yaklaşımlar sunduğunu; ancak etki ölçümü, raporlama standartları ve piyasa derinliği açısından yapısal sınırlılıkların sürdüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, sürdürülebilir finansın yalnızca sermaye piyasalarıyla sınırlı kalmaması; yerel yönetimler, kamu bankaları ve küçük ölçekli finansal aktörlerle çok düzeyli bir yapıda kurgulanması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, sürdürülebilir kalkınma ile finansal istikrar arasında stratejik bir denge kurulmasının önemine işaret etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, sürdürülebilir finans, ekonomik araçların sosyal adalet, çevresel sorumluluk ve yönetişim ilkeleriyle yeniden tanımlandığı, uzun vadeli ve bütüncül bir kalkınma stratejisi olarak konumlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri
• Sürdürülebilir finans
• Yeşil tahviller
• Sosyal etki
• Yeşil finans
• Karbon piyasaları.

Sustaınable Finance Practices in OECD Countries in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals

Öz

Financial instruments developed in line with the sustainable development agenda in OECD countries stand out with their potential to integrate environmental and social goals into economic decision-making processes. Within the scope of this study, a wide range of instruments ranging from green bonds to social and sustainability bonds, from sustainability-related loans to carbon markets were examined. Comparisons based on country examples reveal that these instruments offer new institutional approaches that increase investor confidence; however, structural limitations in terms of impact measurement, reporting standards and market depth persist. The findings show that sustainable finance should not be limited to capital markets alone; it should be structured in a multi-level structure with local governments, public banks and small-scale financial actors. The study points to the importance of establishing a strategic balance between sustainable development and financial stability. As a result, sustainable finance is positioned as a long-term and holistic development strategy in which economic instruments are redefined with the principles of social justice, environmental responsibility and governance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable development goals
• Sustainable finance
• Green bonds
• Social impact
• Green finance
• Carbon markets

Kaynakça

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