Eski Mısır’da Kralların Yönetiminden Tanrıların İdaresine Geçiş (III. Ara Dönem)

Öz

Binyıllar boyunca, onlarca hanedana mensup, yüzlerce kral tarafından yönetilen Mısır’daki en uzun süren siyasi bölünmüşlük, MÖ 1069 - 664 yılları arasına tarihlenen III. Ara Dönem boyunca yaşanmıştır. III. Ara Dönem, Yeni Krallık Dönemi’nin sonunda siyasi birliğin kaybolmasından başlamış, I. Psamtek döneminde merkezi otoritenin yeniden kurulmasına kadar sürmüştür. III. Ara Dönem’in parçalanmış siyasi yönetiminin oluşumunda, iktisadi yapı temel belirleyici olurken idari noktada Amon tapınakları, kralın sarayından daha üst bir konuma yerleşmiştir. III. Ara Dönem’de, Mısır’ın siyasi örgütlenmesinde, toplum yapısında ve kültüründe kalıcı değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Merkezi yönetim, yerini yerel güç merkezlerine bırakırken, Libya ve Nübye halkının bir kısmı Mısır’a kalıcı olarak yerleşmiştir. III. Ara Dönem’in ilk zamanlarında Delta bölgesinde Libya kökenli birçok yerel kral hüküm sürerken Vadi bölgesinde, Teb kentindeki Amon Tapınağının ruhban sınıfı mensupları en etkin siyasi güç olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Eski Mısır tarihinde merkezi otoritenin çöktüğü, Libya ve Nübyeli toplulukların Mısır’a kalıcı olarak yerleştikleri, yabancı kralların Mısır hakimiyeti için savaştığı, “Amon kral’dır” anlayışıyla geleneksel yönetim anlayışının ortadan kalktığı, III. Ara Dönem’in siyasi ve kültürel yapısını açıklayarak oluşan idari durum hakkına yeni yorumlar üretmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eski Mısır
• III. Ara dönem
• Smendes
• I. Şeşonk
• Piye

The Transition from the Rule of Kings to the Rule of the Gods in Ancient Egypt (Third Intermediate Period)

Öz

Ruled by hundreds of kings from dozens of dynasties over millennia, Egypt's longest-lasting political fragmentation occurred during the III. Intermediate Period, dating from 1069 - 664 BCE. The Third Intermediate Period began with the loss of political unity at the end of the New Kingdom. It lasted until the reestablishment of central authority under Psamtek I. The economic structure was the primary determinant of the fragmented political administration of the Third Intermediate Period, while the temples of Amun were placed administratively above the king's palace. During the Third Intermediate Period, lasting changes occurred in Egypt's political organization, social structure, and culture. While central authority gave way to local power centers, sections of the Libyan and Nubian populations settled permanently in Egypt. In the early phase of the Third Intermediate Period, many local rulers of Libyan origin governed the Delta region, whereas in the Valley the most influential political force was the priesthood of the Temple of Amun at Thebes. This study aims to explain the political and cultural structure of the Third Intermediate Period in Ancient Egyptian history—a period marked by the collapse of central authority, the permanent settlement of Libyan and Nubian communities in Egypt, struggles among foreign rulers for control of Egypt, and the disappearance of the traditional system of governance under the principle that “Amun is king”—and to offer new interpretations regarding the administrative structure that emerged as a result.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ancient Egypt
• Third Intermediate period
• Smendes
• Shoshenq I
• Piye

Kaynakça

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