Değişen Dünya Düzeninde AB’nin Küresel Aktörlüğü: Stratejik Özerklik ve Normatif Tutarlılık mı?

Öz

“Değişen Dünya Düzeninde AB’nin Küresel Aktörlüğü; Stratejik Özerklik mi Normatif Tutarlılık mı?” başlıklı bu çalışma, değişen uluslararası düzende Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) küresel aktörlük kapasitesini, stratejik özerklik ve normatif tutarlılık ekseninde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, realist, liberal kurumsalcı ve konstrüktivist yaklaşımlar temelinde, AB’nin sınırlı askerî kapasitesi, transatlantik bağımlılığı, normatif söylem ile dış politika uygulamaları arasındaki uyumsuzluklar ve üye devletler arasındaki çıkar farklılıklarının Birlik’in küresel etkisini nasıl sınırlandırdığı ele alınmaktadır. Özellikle Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, enerji güvenliği, göç yönetimi ve Çin-ABD stratejik rekabeti gibi güncel krizler, AB’nin stratejik özerklik iddiaları ile normatif güç kimliği arasındaki gerilimleri değerlendirmek için örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu bağlamda elde edilen bulgular, AB’nin ekonomik ve düzenleyici alanlarda küresel bir güç, normatif alanda ise referans noktası olmasına karşın, askerî ve stratejik boyutta hâlâ sınırlı ve bağımlı bir aktör olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, AB’nin küresel aktörlük kapasitesinin güçlendirilmesi, stratejik özerklik ile normatif tutarlılık arasında sürdürülebilir bir denge kurabilmesine bağlıdır; bu dengeyi sağlamak ise, üye devletler arasında koordineli politika yapımı, kurumsal kapasitenin güçlendirilmesi ve uzun vadeli stratejik önceliklerde uzlaşının tesis edilmesini gerektirmektedir. Ayrıca, çalışma AB’nin gelecekteki küresel rolünün, ekonomik, normatif ve stratejik boyutları birbirini destekleyecek şekilde entegre edebilme kapasitesiyle belirleneceğini ortaya koymaktadır ve böylece Birlik, küresel sistemde etkili bir aktör olma yönünde yeteneklerini optimize edebilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• Küresel aktör
• Stratejik özerklik
• Normatif güç
• Jeopolitik

The EU's Global Actorship in a Changing World Order: Strategic Autonomy and Normative Consistency?

Öz

This study, titled "The EU's Global Actorship in a Changing World Order: Strategic Autonomy or Normative Consistency?", aims to examine the European Union's (EU) capacity for global actorship in a changing international order, focusing on strategic autonomy and normative consistency. In this context, based on realist, liberal institutionalist, and constructivist approaches, it addresses how the EU's limited military capacity, transatlantic dependence, inconsistencies between its normative discourse and foreign policy practices, and differences in interests among member states limit the Union's global influence. Current crises, particularly the Russia-Ukraine War, energy security, migration management, and the China-US strategic competition, serve as examples for assessing the tensions between the EU's claims of strategic autonomy and its normative power identity. In this context, the findings show that while the EU is a global power in economic and regulatory areas and a reference point in the normative sphere, it remains a limited and dependent actor in the military and strategic dimensions. Therefore, strengthening the EU's capacity as a global actor depends on establishing a sustainable balance between strategic autonomy and normative consistency; achieving this balance requires coordinated policy-making among member states, strengthening institutional capacity, and establishing consensus on long-term strategic priorities. Furthermore, the study reveals that the EU's future global role will be determined by its capacity to integrate its economic, normative, and strategic dimensions in a mutually supportive manner, thereby enabling the Union to optimize its capabilities to become an effective actor in the global system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• European Union
• Global actor
• Strategic autonomy
• Normative Power
• Geopolitics

Kaynakça

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