Ekonomik Kaynakların Sağlıklı Yaşam Süresine Dönüşüm Etkinliği ve Cinsiyete Göre Farklılaşması: 27 Avrupa Ülkesi için VZA ve Malmquist Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, 27 Avrupa ülkesinde sabit PPP kişi başına GSYH’nin kadın ve erkeklerin doğuşta sağlıklı yaşam süresine dönüşüm etkinliğini ve bu etkinliğin 2015-2023 dönemindeki değişimini incelemektedir. Analiz, 243 ülke-yıl gözleminden oluşan dengeli panele dayanmaktadır. Çıktı yönelimli CCR ve BCC Veri Zarflama Analiziyle teknik ve ölçek etkinliği, Malmquist endeksiyle toplam faktör verimliliği değişimi ve bileşenleri hesaplanmıştır. Cinsiyete özgü dönüşüm, ayrı tek çıktılı modellerin yanı sıra kadın ve erkek gözlemlerini aynı referans kümesinde değerlendiren ortak BCC sınırıyla incelenmiştir. Fiyat düzeyi ile toplam faktör verimliliği değişimi arasındaki ilişki panel modelleriyle tahmin edilmiştir. Bulgaristan dokuz yıl boyunca CCR ve BCC etkin bulunmuştur. Dönem genelinde toplam faktör verimliliği yıllık ortalama %2,1 azalmış; etkinlik değişimindeki artış teknolojik gerilemeyi karşılayamamıştır. Türkiye, ortalama BCC skorunda onuncu ve CCR skorunda ikinci sırada yer alırken kümülatif toplam faktör verimliliği kaybı %25,3 olmuştur. Ortak sınırda erkek BCC skorunun kadın skorundan en fazla yüksek olduğu ülkeler Hollanda (0,0493) ve Türkiye (0,0448); kadın skorunun erkek skorundan en fazla yüksek olduğu ülkeler Bulgaristan (0,0570) ve Litvanya’dır (0,0527). Fiyat düzeyi katsayısı ülke ve dönem sabit etkili modelde pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuş, ancak katsayının büyüklüğü model tanımına göre değişmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğuşta sağlıklı yaşam süresi
• Dönüşüm etkinliği
• Cinsiyet farklılıkları
• Veri zarflama analizi
• Malmquist TFV endeksi

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, kamuya açık ikincil ve toplulaştırılmış ülke düzeyindeki veriler kullanılarak yürütülmüş; insan katılımcılardan doğrudan veri toplanmamıştır. Bu nedenle çalışma etik kurul izni gerektirmemektedir. Üretken Yapay Zeka Kullanım Beyanı: Makalenin dil bilgisi, anlatım ve okunabilirlik açısından gözden geçirilmesinde OpenAI tarafından geliştirilen ChatGPT’den yararlanılmıştır. Yapay zeka destekli düzenlemeler yazarlar tarafından kontrol edilmiş olup çalışmanın bilimsel doğruluğu, özgünlüğü ve nihai içeriğine ilişkin sorumluluk yazarlara aittir.

Efficiency in Transforming Economic Resources into Healthy Life Expectancy and Sex-Specific Differences: A DEA and Malmquist Analysis of 27 European Countries

Öz

This study examines how efficiently 27 European countries transformed constant-PPP GDP per capita into healthy life years at birth for women and men during 2015-2023. The analysis uses a balanced panel of 243 country-year observations. Output-oriented CCR and BCC Data Envelopment Analysis models estimate technical and scale efficiency, while the Malmquist index measures total factor productivity change. Sex-specific outcomes are examined through separate models and a common BCC frontier. Bulgaria was CCR- and BCC-efficient throughout the nine-year period. Average annual total factor productivity declined by 2.1% because improvement in efficiency change did not offset technological regress. Türkiye ranked tenth in average BCC efficiency and second in average CCR efficiency but recorded a cumulative productivity loss of 25.3%. Under the common frontier, male BCC scores exceeded female scores most in the Netherlands and Türkiye, whereas female scores exceeded male scores most in Bulgaria and Lithuania. The price-level coefficient was positive and statistically significant in the country and period fixed-effects model, although its magnitude varied across specifications. The findings indicate that static efficiency, productivity change, and sex-specific relative performance yield different country patterns.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Healthy life expectancy at birth
• Conversion efficiency
• Sex differences
• Data Envelopment Analysis
• Malmquist TFP index

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted using publicly available secondary and aggregated country-level data, and no data were collected directly from human participants. Therefore, the study does not require ethics committee approval. Generative AI Usage Statement: ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, was used to help review the article for grammar, expression, and readability. Any AI-assisted edits were checked by the authors, and the responsibility for the scientific accuracy, originality, and final content of the study lies with the authors.

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