AR-GE HARCAMALARI VE İHRACAT İLİSKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Öz

R&D expenditure is the key element in the new growth theories. Growth models have been developed by Romer (1990), Grossman-Helpman (1991) and AghionHowitt (1992, 1998) contain monopolistic competition. In this study we eximine relationship among R&D expenditures and exports, ICT, high-tech exports. We found positive and high correlation between R&D and export by using panel data analysis for OECD countries

Anahtar Kelimeler

• R&D, exports, hight-tech exports, economic growth, physical capital, human capital

AR-GE HARCAMALARI VE İHRACAT İLİSKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Öz

Yeni büyüme teorilerinin merkezinde Ar-Ge yatırımları vardır. Romer (1990), Grossman-Helpman (1991) ve Aghion-Howitt (1992, 1998) tarafından geliştirilen Ar-Ge tabanlı modeller eksik rekabeti büyüme modellerine dahil etmişlerdir. Bu çalışma Ar-Ge harcamaları ile genel ihracat, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri ihracatı ve ileri teknoloji ihracatı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. Panel veri tekniği kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde OECD ülkeleri için Ar-Ge ile ihracat arasında pozitif ve yüksek oranlı bir ilişki olduğuna yönelik bulgular elde edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ar-Ge, ihracat, ileri teknoloji ihracatı, ekonomik büyüme, fiziksel sermaye, beşeri sermaye

Kaynakça

1. Abramovitz, Moses. (1986). “Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind”, The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 46, No. 2, The Tasks of Economic History, Jun., pp. 385-406
2. Aghion, Philippe; Peter Howitt , “A Model of Growth
3. Through Creative Destruction”, Econometrica, Vol.
4. 60, No. 2, Mar., 1992, pp.323-351
5. Aghion, P., and Howitt, P., (1998). Endogenous Growth Theory, XII, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
6. Alcouffe, Alain; Thomas Kuhn, (2004). “Schumpeterian Endogenous Growth Theory And Evolutionary Economics”, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Vol.14, pp.223-236
7. Arrow, Kenneth J., (1962). “The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing”, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 29, No. 3, Jun., pp. 155-173
8. Atalay, S.Serpil, (2007). Yeni Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinde ve Türkiye’de Reel Yakınsama, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara

9. Baltagi, Badi. H., (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel
10. Data, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., West
11. Sussex, England Baumol, William
12. Convergence, and Welfare: What the Long-Run
13. Data Show”, The American Economic Review, Vol.
14. 76, No. 5, Dec., pp. 1072-1085 Growth, Cheng, Leonard
15. “Schumpeterian Growth and International Business
16. Cycles”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 82,
17. No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and
18. Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Economic
19. Association, May, p. 409-414 (1992).
20. Coe, David T.; Helpman, Elhanan; Hoffmaister, Alexander W., (1995). “North-South R & D Spillovers”, NBER Working Paper Series, No.5048, March, pp.1-45
21. De Long, J.Bradford, (1988). “Productivity Growth, Convergence, and Welfare: Comment”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 78, No. 5, Dec., pp. 1138-1154
22. Dowrick, Steve; Norman Gemmell (1991). “Industrialisation, and Catching Comparative Study Across the World's Capitalist Economies”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 101, No. 405, Mar., pp. 263-275 Growth: A
23. Grene, William H., (2003). Econometric Analysis, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
24. Grossman, Gene M.; Elhanan Helpman, (1991). Innovation
25. and Growth in the Global Economy, MIT Press,
26. Cambridge, Mass. Grossman, Gene M.; Helpman, Elhanan, (1994).
27. “Endogenous Innovation In The Theory Of
28. Growth”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives,
29. Vol.8, No.1, Winter, pp. 23-44
30. Hsiao, Cheng, (2002). Analysis of Panel Data, Cambridge University Press, Second Edition, NewYork
31. http://econ.worldbank.org
32. http://stats.oecd.org/
33. Jones, Charles I., (1995a). “Time Series Tests of Endogenous Growth Models”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 110, No. 2, May, pp. 495-525
34. Jones, I. Charles, (1995b). “R&D Based Models Of Economic Growth”, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.103, No.4, Aug., pp.759-784
35. Lucas, Robert E. (1988). “On The Mechanics of Economic Development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol.22, pp.3-42
36. OECD Factbook 2006- Economic, Enviromental and Social Statistics, OECD 2006
37. OECD Factbook 2007- Economic, Enviromental and Social Statistics, OECD 2007
38. OECD Factbook 2008- Economic, Enviromental and Social Statistics, OECD 2008
39. OECD Science and Technology Statistical Compendium 2004
40. Romer, Paul M. (1986). “Increasing Returns And Long-Run Growth”, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.94, No.5, Oct., pp. 1002-1037
41. Romer, Paul M., (1987). “Growth Based On Increasing Returns Due To Specialization”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 77, No.2, Papers and Proceeding of the Ninety-ninth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Associationi May, pp. 56- 62
42. Romer, Paul M., (1990). “Endogenous Technological Change”, The Journal Of Political Economy, Vol.98, Development: A Conference Of The Institute For Free Enterprise System, Oct., pp. S71-S102 Of
43. Romer, Paul M., (1994). “The Origin of Endogenous Growth”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.8, No.1, Winter, pp. 3-32
44. Schumpeter, J.A. (1970). Capitalizm, Socialism and Democracy, Unwin University Books, London
45. Solow, Robert M. (1956). “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.70, No.1, Feb., pp.65-94
46. Verbeek, Marno, (2004). A Guide to Modern Econometrics, 2.ed., John Willey & Sons Ltd