Uluslararası İlişkilerde Yumuşak Gücün Temel Bir Birleşeni Olarak Kültürel Diplomasi ve Kültürel Etki Stratejileri

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, küreselleşme koşulları altında kültürel diplomasi ve yumuşak güç (soft power) kavramları arasındaki bağları irdelemek ve kültürel diplomasi alanını kavramsal açıdan incelemektir. Küresel ve bölgesel ölçekte birçok ülkenin uyguladığı kültürel etki politikalarına bakıldığında, gücün yirminci yüzyılda tanık olunan dönüşümüne koşut olarak uluslararası planda bir etki sorunsalı karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ancak, genel olarak, bu sorunsalı meydana getiren analitik unsurlar arasındaki ilişkilerin kapsamı ve bilhassa etki kavramının diplomatik-stratejik düzlemde taşıdığı anlamlar Uluslararası İlişkiler literatüründe göz ardı edilmektedir. Buradan hareketle, bu makale, küreselleşme çalışmaları kapsamında kültürel diplomasi-yumuşak güç bağlantısına kavramsal düzeyde açıklık getirmeyi ve literatüre bu yönden katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir. Günümüzde yumuşak güç unsurları dış politika stratejilerinin ana eksenini ve küresel düzlemde etki kavramının içeriğini belirlemeye devam etmektedir. Bu çerçevede, Uluslararası İlişkilerdeki güç kavramıyla birlikte, yumuşak gücün gelişimi ve küreselleşme koşulları altında kazandığı yeni anlamlar giderek artan ölçüde önem kazanmaktadır. Burada, yumuşak gücü kullanan dış politika aktörleri ve bu kavramın dayandığı temel kaynaklar açısından Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininde genel anlamıyla kültür ve kültürel diplomasi arasındaki etkileşimler incelecektir. Son olarak, bu çalışma, neoliberal Uluslararası İlişkiler perspektifinden hareketle ve eleştirel bir literatür taraması etrafında, kültür, etki ve diplomasi kavramları arasındaki çeşitli metodolojik çıkarımları mercek altına alacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kültürel Diplomasi
• Yumuşak Güç
• Etki
• Uluslararası İlişkiler
• Küreselleşme
• Cultural Diplomacy
• Soft Power
• Influence
• International Relations
• Globalization

Cultural Diplomacy as a Basic Component of Soft Power in International Relations and Strategies of Cultural Influence

Abstract

The aim of this article is to examine the links between concepts of diplomacy and soft power under the conditions of globalization and examine conceptually the field of cultural diplomacy. When looking at the policies of cultural influence implemented by many countries on a global and regional scale, we face an international problematic of influence in parallel with the transformation of power in the twentieth century. However, in general, the extent of the relationships between the analytical elements that make up this problematic and especially the meaning of the concept of influence on the diplomatic-strategic context are mainly ignored in the International Relations literature. From this point of view, this article aims to clarify the conceptual relationship of cultural diplomacy-soft power in the context of globalization studies and contribute to the literature in this respect. Today, elements of soft power continue to determine the main axis of foreign policy strategies and the content of the influence on the global level. In this context, with the concept of power in International Relations, the new meanings that soft power gained under the conditions of development and globalization are becoming increasingly important. Here, in terms of foreign policy actors who use soft power and the basic sources on which this concept is based, the interactions between culture and cultural diplomacy in the International Relations discipline will be examined. Finally, this study will focus on a variety of methodological implications between the concepts of culture, influence and diplomacy, from a critical literature review based on a neoliberal perspective of International Relations.

Keywords

• Cultural Diplomacy
• Soft Power
• Influence
• International Relations
• Globalization

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