The Impact of The September 9/11 Terrorist Attacks on the Arms Trade and Defense Expenditures of States

Abstract

Defense expenditures are important for the protection of states from internal and external threats and for ensuring security. In this context, the securitization of defense expenditures after the September 11 terrorist attacks increased the defense spending of countries and brought about the globalization of terrorism together with the changing agenda of security. The September 11 terrorist attacks caused an increase in the defense expenditures of states. With the increase in asymmetric threats and the deepening and expanding security discussions, states started to take joint action against the risk of global terrorism after September 11. In this case, the uncertainty experienced in the nature of the threat after the Cold War had a significant impact. This uncertainty experienced in the nature of the threat caused states to seek security, especially with the September 11 terrorist attacks, as the reference object of security to be protected as the referent object of protection. This search for security led to an increase in defense expenditures. In this sense, the aim of the article is to analyze the change in the defense expenditures of states after the September 11 attacks through the Copenhagen School securitization and desecuritization approaches, which are critical security approaches.

Keywords

• Terrorism
• September 11
• Copenhagen School
• Securitization
• Security Sector

11 Eylül Terör Saldırılarının Devletlerin Silah Ticareti ve Savunma Harcamaları Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Savunma harcamaları devletlerin iç ve dış tehdit risklerden korunması ve güvenliğin sağlanması adına önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda 11 Eylül terör saldırıları sonrası savunma harcamalarının güvenlikleştirilmesi ülkelerin savunma harcamalarını arttırmış, güvenliğin değişen gündemiyle birlikte terörizmin küreselleşmesini de beraberinde getirmiştir. 11 Eylül terör saldırıları devletlerin savunma harcamalarının artmasına neden olmuştur. Asimetrik tehditlerin artışı, derinleşen ve genişleyen güvenlik tartışmalarıyla, 11 Eylül sonrası devletler küresel terörizm riskine karşı ortak hareket etmeye başlamıştır. Bu durumda Soğuk Savaş sonrası tehdidin doğasında yaşanan belirsizliğin etkisi olmaktadır. Tehdidin doğasında yaşanan bu belirsizlik, Soğuk Savaş sonrası devletlerin referans nesnesi olduğu güvenliği korunacak “şey”olarak, özellikle 11 Eylül terör saldırıları ile birlikte güvenlik arayışı içerisine girmelerine neden olmuştur. Bu güvenlik arayışı savunma harcalarının artmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu anlamda makalenin amacı 11 Eylül saldırıları sonrası devletlerin savunma harcamalarındaki değişimin eleştirel güvenlik yaklaşımlarından olan Kopenhag Okulu güvenlikleştirme ve güvenlik-dışılaştırma yaklaşımı yoluyla analizini yapmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Terörizm
• 11 Eylül
• Güvenlikleştirme
• Güvenlik sektörleri
• Kopenhag Okulu

Kaynakça

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