İnsan Merkezli Çevre Anlayışından Doğa Merkezli Çevre Anlayışına

Yıl 2002, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1-2, 167 - 185, 01.01.2002

Necmettin Özerkmen

Öz

Bu makale üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölüm, insan-çevre ilişkilerinin kısa bir tarihini, bu ilişkilerin geliştiği kavramsal çerçeveyi içine alır. İkinci bölümde, insan toplumlarının biofiziksel bileşenleri yerine toplumsal bileşenler üzerinde yoğunlaşan geleneksel sosyolojik yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Sosyolojik analizlerde, fiziksel çevrenin önemi geleneksel yaklaşımlar tarafından ihmal edildiği gösterilmiştir. "Egemen Batı Dünya görüşü" ve bazı sosyolojik kuramlar incelenmiş ve geleneksel yaklaşımların çevre sorunlarının değinmedikleri, iyimser ve gerçekçi olmayan "Egemen Batı Dünya görüşü"nün etkisinde kaldıkları gösterilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, "insanın İstisnalığı Paradigması" ve "Yani Çevreci Paradigma"sı üzerinde durulmuştur. İnsan toplumlarında eko-sistemin önemini vurgulayan yeni bir Paradigmanın fiziki çevre üzerine etkisinin değil aynı zamanda insan ve toplum üzerine çevre etmenlerinin etkisini de vurgulayan "İnsan ve Çevre arasındaki etkileşimin incelemesi"nin gereği üzerinde duruldu.

From Antropocentric Perspective to Eco- Centric Perspective

Öz

This artide contains three parts. The fırst part deals with brief history o human-environment relations with giving emphasis to conceptual frameworks in which the relations were evolved. The secund part analyses the traditional approaches that are concentrated on the social elements as opposed to biophysical elements of human societies. The importance of physical environment in the sociological analyses has been ignored by traditional approaches. The dominant western worldview and some sociological theories are examined, and it is argued that inability of traditional approaches to address environmental problems stems from dominant western worldview in society, which is optimistic and unrealistic about nature. Third part focuses on the "Human Exceptionalism Paradigm" and "New Environmental Paradigm". it is argued that a new paradigm, which stresses the importance of ecosystem on human societies, is necessary. in other words, I try to give the conceptual framework of environmental sociology as the "study of interaction between society and environment," emphasising not only that human beings affect the physical environment but also that environmental factors affect human beings and societies.

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