HENRIK IBSEN’İN MODERNİZMİ

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 1, 119 - 143, 01.01.2009

Erinç Özdemir

Öz

Bu çalışma modern tiyatronun öncüsü olan Norveçli yazar Henrik Ibsen’in sanatındaki modernist öğeleri ele alır. Yalnızca modern değil, modernist tiyatronun da ilk ürünlerini vermiş olan Ibsen’in düzyazı oyunları, özellikle Oyuncak Bebek Evi ve Hedda Gabler, eleştirmenlerce modernist tiyatronun başlıca öğeleri olarak belirlenen metatiyatrosallık ve “modernlik” “modernity” ’e ilişkin toplumsal ve bireysel sorunsalları işleyen izlekler çerçevesinde irdelenir. Yazıda, iki dünya savaşı arasında olgunlaşan modernizmin birincil biçimsel ve izleksel öğeleri olan öznellik, içsellik ve bilinçaltının Ibsen’in modernizminin odağına oturtulması gerektiği öne sürülerek, Freud karşıtı feminist eleştiri açısından irdelenmiş olan Oyuncak B,ebek Evi ve Hedda Gabler’in, varoluşçu felsefe ve dekadan estetik açılarından da yorumlanması gerektiği savlanır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Modernlik, Metatiyatrosallık, İçsellik, Bilinçaltı, Freud, Feminizm, Varoluşçuluk, Dekadanlık

Henrik Iben’s Modernism

Öz

This essay deals with some of the major modernist elements in the works of Henrik Ibsen, who is considered as the father of modern drama, and also as the forerunner of modernist drama. It discusses his prose plays, especially A Doll’s House and Hedda Gabler, within a framework that takes metatheatricality and social as well as individualistic themes related to modernity as the principal elements of modernist drama. It argues that interiority, subjectivity and the unconscious/subconscious as the primary formal and thematic elements of literary modernism, which fully unfolded between the two World Wars, should be located at the core of Ibsen’s modernism as well. It claims that A Doll’s House and Hedda Gabler should be assessed not only from the viewpoint of anti-Freudian feminist criticism, but also respectively from the perspectives of existentialism and the decadent aesthetic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Modernity, Metatheatricality, Interiority, Unconscious, Freud, Feminism, Existentialism, Decadence

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