Günlük Bellek Ölçeklerinin Geliştirilmesi: Bir Faktör Analizi Çalışması

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 1, 191 - 228, 01.01.2014

Nurhan Er

Öz

Bu araştırma ülkemizde günlük bellek ölçme araçlarının geliştirmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda hem günlük belleğin farklı boyutlarını değerlendiren beş farklı günlük bellek ölçeği hem de kapsamlı değerlendirmelerde kullanılmak üzere “Çok Boyutlu Günlük Bellek Ölçeği” geliştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, yaş ve eğitime değişkenleri dikkate alınarak beş farklı yaş aralığında 14-19; 20-29; 30-44; 45-59; 60-85 ve 3 farklı eğitim düzeyinde ilköğretim, lise ve üniversite bulunan 1944 1319 Kadın, 623 Erkek kişiden veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular; ülkemizde kullanılabilecek beş farklı günlük bellek ölçeğinin yanı sıra, kapsamlı değerlendirmeler için geliştirilen Çok Boyutlu Günlük Bellek Ölçeği’nin farklı alt faktörleri olan geçerli ve güvenilir ölçme araçları olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Günlük bellek araştırmalarında ve klinik uygulamalarda kullanımı uygun olan ölçeklerin özelliklerine kısaca değinmek gerekirse: Günlük Bellek Ölçeği, genel günlük unutkanlıkları; Günlük Bellek Telafi Ölçeği, günlük yaşam içinde unutmamak üzere kullandığımız telafi yöntemlerini; Günlük Bellek İşlevselliği Ölçeği, kişilerin günlük belleklerinin ne kadar işlevsel olarak değerlendirdiklerini; Günlük Bellek Başarısızlıkları Ölçeği, günlük yaşamdaki bellek başarısızlıkları ile ne sıklıkta karşılaşıldığı ve son olarak İleri ve Geriye Doğru Günlük Bellek Ölçeği de, geleceğe ve geçmişe ilişkin hatırlanması gerekenlerin değerlendirildiği bir ölçek niteliğindedir. Çok Boyutlu Günlük Bellek Ölçeği ise, bütün bu boyutları içeren ancak ölçeklerin toplamından daha kısa ve kapsamlı bir ölçek niteliğindedir. Ölçeklerin faktör yapıları ile ilgili analizler, literatüre paralel olarak, farklı ve belleğin daha ayrıntılı değerlendirilmesine olanak tanıyan alt faktörler içerdiğine işaret etmektedir. Bulgular, benzer ölçekler ile yapılmış çalışmalarda elde edilen boyutlar çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Günlük Bellek, Çok Boyutlu Günlük Bellek Ölçeği, Faktör Yapıları

Improvement of The Tools for Everyday Memory Measure: A Factor Analysis Study

Öz

This research was designated to improve the tools for everyday memory measure in our country. In this respect, both five different everyday memory scales that evaluate diverse dimensions of memory and a “Multidimensional Everyday Memory Questionnaire” to be used for ample evaluations were developed. Taking the age and education variables into consideration, the data for this research were gathered from 1944 people 1319 female, 623 male who fall into 5 different age ranges 14-19; 20-29; 30-44; 45-59; 60-85 and 3 different education levels primary school, high school and university . The results indicate that both five different memory scales to be utilized in our country and the Multidimensional Everyday Memory Questionnaire, developed for comprehensive evaluations with its diverse sub-factors, are relevant and reliable measurement tools. In brief, the characteristics of the scales that are exploitable in everyday memory research and clinical practices are as follows: the everyday memory scale evaluates general amnesia; the Everyday Memory Compensation Scale assesses the compensation methods for remembering in everyday life; the Memory Performance Scale investigates the extent to which the individuals functionally use their memories; the Everyday Memory Failure Scale examines the frequency of memory failure experienced in everyday life; and finally, the Forward and Backward Memory Scale is a scale for evaluating the things related to past and present to be remembered. On the other hand, the Multidimensional Everyday Memory Questionnaire includes all of these scales and it is characterized by being more concise than the total of the scales and more comprehensive. In line with the literature, the analyses on the factor structures of the scales demonstrate that it comprises diverse sub-factors that enable a detailed assessment of memory. The results are discussed in relation to the dimensions obtained by previous studies that utilized similar scales.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Everyday Memory, Multidimensional Everyday Memory Questionnaire, Factor Structures

Kaynakça

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