SİMBİYOTİK BİR BAKIŞLA DİLİN EVRİMİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 56 Sayı: 2, 332 - 364, 01.01.2016

Kubilay Hoşgör

Öz

Bu çalışma; dil yetisinin ortaya çıkışında mutasyon sürecine uyum gösteren bakteri; virüs gibi mikro-organizmaların evriminin rolüne odaklanmaktadır. Dil yetisinin evriminde bu ilişkinin salt bir benzerlikten öteye geçtiğini; sensörial-motor sistemin gelişiminde mikrobiyomun yani bedenimizi kalıcı veya geçici olarak kolonize eden tüm mikro-organizmaların zorunlu bir rolünün olması gerektiğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu çerçevede çalışmada; bu fikrin yani insan bedeninin tek bir organizma olmadığı; aksine çok sayıda organizmadan oluşan bir ekosistem olduğu fikrinin arkaplanını oluşturan moleküler biyoloji ve mikrobiyolojideki yakın gelişmeler özetlenmekte ve bu gelişmelerden yola çıkarak dilin evrimi probleminin sınırları içinde şu fikirler öne çıkarılmaktadır: 1. Gould ve Chomsky’nin izinde dil yetisi; uyarlanmanın aksine; bir epifenomen side-effect olarak ortaya çıkmış olabilir. 2.Dilin epifenomen olarak ortaya çıktığı asıl adaptasyonel gelişme nedir öyleyse? Erken atamızın bipedal duruma evrilerek ellerinin serbest kalması olabilir. 3.Türümüzü bipedal yapan evrimsel süreçte mikro-organizmik ekosistemin eş-evriminin rolü göz ardı edilemez. O halde; mikrobiyomun evrimi beynin evrimi üzerinde doğrudan; dil yetisinin evriminde ise epifenomenal olarak etkilidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikrobiyom, Holobiont, Hologenom, Dilin Evrimi, Adaptasyonist Açıklama, Hologenomik Açıklama, Eş-Evrim, Kompütasyonel Dil Yetisi (FLN), Chomsky, Gould

A SYMBIOTIC PERSPECTIVE ON THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE

Öz

This study focuses on the role of microorganismic such as bacteria and viruses evolution and microorganisms’ accordance with mutation process in the context of language emergence. It also asserts that the relationship is not merely resemblance; rather the microbiome the complete microbiota which either permanently or temporary colonize our body plays a requisite role in the process of developing sensory-motor system. In this framework; this study briefly describes contemporary developments in molecular biology and microbiology backs up the background of the idea that human body is not a single organism; on the contrary it is an ecosystem consists of many organisms. Within the limits of problem of evolution of language based on these developments; following ideas are put forward: 1. Following Gould and Chomsky Language faculty might be emerged as an epiphenomenon side-effect ; not as an adaptation. 2. Then; what is the real adaptational development that arised language as epiphenomenon? It might be our early ancestors who were evolved to bipedal position while getting an opportunity to set their hands free. 3. In the evolution process which provided a transformation of our species to bipedal animals; the role of coevolution of microorganismic ecosystem could not be ignored. Then; the evolution of microbiome has an impact on language faculty side-effectively; while being directly on brain evolution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microbiome, Holobiont, Hologenome Theory, Language Evolution, Adaptationism, Coevolution, Computational Language Faculty (FLN), Chomsky, Gould

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