ANA BABALARIN DUYGU SOSYALLEŞTİRME UYGULAMALARI VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK DÖNEMİNDE DUYGUSAL VE SOSYAL GELİŞİM

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 2, 1365 - 1388, 01.01.2017

Emine Kaya-bican Dilek Sarıtaş-atalar

Öz

Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, erken çocukluk döneminde, çocuklarının duygusal ve sosyal yetkinlik kazanmalarında önemli rolü olan ana babaların duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarını incelemektir. Duygu sosyalleştirme, ana babaların kendi duygularını ifade etme şekilleri, çocukları ile duygular hakkında konuşma ve çocuklarının olumsuz duygularına gösterdikleri tepkiler olmak üzere üç farklı şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Özellikle ana babaların çocuklarının olumsuz duygularına gösterdikleri tepkiler, alan yazında önemle ele alınan bir konudur. Bu tepkiler, destekleyici ve destekleyici olmayan tepkiler şeklinde iki kategoriye ayrılmışlardır. Destekleyici ana babalar, çocuklarının olumsuz duygularını onlarla yakınlaşmak için fırsat olarak görürler ve bu duygularla baş etmeleri konusunda onlara rehberlik ederler. Aksine, destekleyici olmayan ana babalar ise, olumsuz duyguları tehdit olarak görürler ve kendilerinin ve çocuklarının bu duygulardan bir an önce kurtulması gerektiğine inanırlar. Ana babaların kendi duyguları ile baş etme yöntemleri, psikolojik sağlıkları, kişilik özellikleri ve evlilik doyumları, alan yazında sınırlı çalışmada yer verilen, ancak ana babaların duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarını doğrudan şekillendiren önemli faktörlerdir. Duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için, bu faktörlerin göz önünde bulundurulması önemlidir. Duygu sosyalleştirme üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, sosyal ve duygusal gelişim sürecinde genelde annelerin etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Babaların çocuklarının sosyal ve duygusal gelişimlerine katkılarını, babalardan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda inceleyen çalışmalar ise sayıca yetersizdir. Ayrıca, bulgular, duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarının, çocukların mizacına göre biçimlendirildiğini ve bu nedenle benzer uygulamaların farklı mizaç özelliklerine sahip çocuklar üzerinde farklı etkileri olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Duygu Sosyalleştirme, Ana-Babalık, Erken Çocukluk Dönemi, Duygusal ve Sosyal Yetkinlik

PARENTS' EMOTION SOCIALIZATION PRACTICES AND EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Öz

The aim of this review is to examine parents' emotion socialization practices, which play an important role in the emotional and social competence of their children during early childhood. Emotional socialization occurs in three ways: parents' expression of their own feelings, discussion about emotions with their children, and parents' reactions to their children's negative emotions. In particular, parents' responses to their children's negative emotions are an issue that is strongly discussed in the literature. These responses are divided into two categories: supportive and non-supportive responses. Supportive parents see their children's negative emotions as an opportunity to approach and guide them to cope with these feelings. By contrast, non-supportive parents see negative feelings as a threat and believe that they and their children should be rescued from these feelings as soon as possible. The ways parents cope with their own emotions, their psychological health, personality traits and marital satisfaction are important factors that directly shape parents' emotional socialization practices, which are included in the limited studies in the literature. It is important to consider these factors in order to better comprehend emotion socialization. Emotional socialization research mainly focuses on the inuence of mothers in the process of their children's social and emotional development. The studies that examine fathers' contributions to their children's social and emotional development are limited. Further, ndings reveal that emotional socialization practices are shaped according to the temperament of children and therefore, similar practices may have different effects on children with different temperament.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Emotion Socialization, Parenting, Early Childhood, Emotional and Social Competence

Kaynakça

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