İSTEMLİ VE İSTEMSİZ OTOBİYOGRAFİK ANILARA ULAŞMADA DOĞRUDAN VE ÜRETİCİ GERİ ÇAĞIRMANIN ROLÜ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2, 1667 - 1696, 01.01.2018

Pınar Kurdoğlu Ersoy , Ali İzzet Tekcan

Öz

Otobiyografik anılara ulaşmada, doğrudan direct ve üretici generative geri çağırma olarak bilinen iki farklı mekanizma işlemektedir. Günümüze dek yapılan çalışmalarda, bu iki geri çağırma mekanızmasının neden olduğu farklar yalnızca istemli bir hatırlama süreci sonrasında elde edilen anıların karşılaştırılmasıyla incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, istemli ve istemsiz otobiyografik anıları karşılaştıran çalışmaların neredeyse tamamında geri çağırma mekanizmalarının etkisi dikkate alınmamıştır. Bu çalışma, istemsiz otobiyografik anılara da doğrudan geri çağırma mekanizmasıyla erişildiği kabulünden yola çıkarak istemsiz otobiyografik anıları İ-OA , doğrudan D+OA ve üretici geri çağırma Ü+OA ile erişilen istemli otobiyografik anılar ile grup-içi bir desende karşılaştıran ilk çalışmadır. İstemsiz anılar Uyanıklık Görevi, istemli anılar Galton-Crovitz anahtar sözcük yöntemi kullanılarak iki ayrı oturumda toplanmıştır. Bulgular, her iki oturuma da katılan 62 kişiden 44 kadın, 18 erkek elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, D+OA'lar istemli bir şekilde hatırlanıyor olmasına karşın, çoğu özelliği açısından aynı geri çağırma mekanizmasını kullanan İ-OA'lar ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Özetle, Ü+OA'lara kıyasla, hem D+OA'lar hem de İ-OA'lar daha kısa sürede hatırlanmıştır. Ayrıca, bu anılar daha belirgin ve duygusal etkileri daha yüksek olan anılar olmuştur. Aynı sözcükler ile tetiklenen istemli ve istemsiz anılar arasında belirginlik açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmaması ise İ-OA'ların belirginlikteki üstünlüğünün kişisel olarak ayırt edici ipuçlarıyla tetiklenmelerinden kaynaklandığına işaret etmektedir. Ek olarak, yakın geçmişte yaşanmış bir olayın istemli ya da istemsiz hatırlanmasında çoğu fenomenolojik değerlendirme açısından fark bulunmamıştır. Kısaca, bulgular, istemli ve istemsiz anılar arasındaki farkların genel olarak, kasıtlı ya da kendiliğinden oluşan bir hatırlamadan ziyade, geri çağırma mekanizmalarından ileri geldiğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otobiyografik Bellek, İstemsiz Hatırlama, İstemsiz Otobiyografik Anı, İstemli Otobiyografik Anı, Doğrudan Geri Çağırma, Üretici Geri Çağırma

THE ROLE OF DIRECT AND GENERATIVE RETRIEVAL IN ACCESS TO INVOLUNTARY AND VOLUNTARY AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORIES

Öz

Two distinct retrieval mechanisms were used in access to autobiographical memories, namely direct and generative retrieval. To date, previous studies predominantly compared memories accessed through direct and generative retrieval in only voluntary remembering context. In addition, nearly all studies comparing involuntary IAMs and voluntary VAMs autobiographical memories did not take this distinction into account. Since involuntary autobiographical memories IAMs were also argued to be accessed through direct retrieval, the present study is the first to compare IAMs with directly retrieved DR-VAMs and generated memories GEN-VAMs separately in a withinsubjects design. IAMs and VAMs were collected in two consecutive sessions by using Vigilance Task and Galton-Crovitz cue-word technique, respectively. 62 individuals 44 female, 18 male participated in both sessions. The results revealed that IAMs were similar to DR-VAMs in many aspects, although the latter was deliberately recalled. Specifically, both IAMs and DR-VAMs were retrieved faster than GEN-VAMs. They had more emotional impact on rememberer and they included more specic events, compared to GEN-VAMs. However, the difference in specificity was found to be caused by the personal relevance of the cues; when same cues were used to trigger IAMs and VAMs, higher specificity of IAMs disappeared. Additionally, it was observed that phenomenology of deliberate and spontaneous recollections of the same recent events were not different. Overall, the present findings suggest that most of the differences between IAMs and VAMs result from direct and generative retrieval distinction, rather than deliberate or spontaneous recall of memories.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Autobiographical Memory, Involuntary Remembering, Involuntary Autobiographical Memory, Voluntary Autobiographical Memory, Direct Retrieval, Generative Retrieval

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