ARKAİK VE KLÂSİK HELLEN TOPLUMLARININ MEKÂNA BAĞLI KÖKEN VE KURULUŞ MİTOSLARI

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2, 1034 - 1056, 01.01.2019

Sultan Deniz Küçüker

Öz

Klâsik Dönem Hellen dünyasının ayırt edici nitelikleri Atina polis'i üzerinden tespit edilse de bu kültürün çerçevesi, Arkaik Dönem Hellen siyasi coğrafyasında bulunan tüm toplumların iletişim dünyası içinde belirlenmiştir. Erken Hellen toplumlarının iletişim dünyasının en önemli ortak birikimi olarak, Homeros'a atfedilen şiirler gösterilebilir ki Hellen siyasi, sosyolojik ve mitolojik hafızasına özgü birçok unsur, nitelikleriyle birlikte ilk defa bu dizelerde kendini gösterir. Konumuz bağlamında, özellikle dizelerde belirlenen mitolojik hafıza önem arz eder. Öyle ki, Hellen toplumları açısından mitolojinin yüklendiği tarihsel rol, burada ve diğer aktarımlarda konu edilen mitolojik kahramanların ya da olayların çoğunlukla siyasal nedenlerle Arkaik ve Klâsik Dönem ozanlarınca yeniden kullanılmasına, ekler görerek yeniden biçimlendirilmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada; Arkaik ve Klâsik Hellen toplumlarının kuruluş ve köken iddiaları aşamasında yoğunlukla kullanılarak öne çıkarılan mitoslar belirlenecek, toplumların mitoloji üzerinden izlediği diplomasinin iç ve dış politikalardaki etkileri ve sonuçlarına değinilecektir. Son olarak ise, Arkaik Hellen toplumlarının hafızasında olgunlaşmaya başlayan bu geleneğin, Hellenistik Dönem'le birlikte toplumlara kimlik oluşturma ve kültürel bütünlük kurma aşamasında üstlendiği işlevsel rol özetle konu edilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mitoloji, Herakles, Heraklesoğulları, Troia Savaşı, Kadmos, Otoktoni

SPACE-BASED ORIGIN AND FOUNDATION MYTHS OF ARCHAIC AND CLASSICAL GREEK SOCIETIES

Öz

Although the distinctive features of the Classical Greek world were identified through the state of Athens, the framework of this culture was determined within the communication world of all societies in the Archaic Greek political geography. The poems attributed to Homer can be cited as the most important common accumulation of this cultural world. In that, many elements specific to Greek political and sociological memory and their qualities can be seen in these poems. However, the mythological memory, determined by Homer is especially important for our study. Mythology has penetrated every aspect of ancient Greek society and that was the reason for the reformation of the same myths by the Archaic and Classical poets. This study aims to explore the Hellenic mythological memory in terms of origin and foundation stories and hence genealogical links. In this context, the prominent foundation and origin myths in Archaic and Classical mythology will be identied, and the effects and consequences of diplomacy pursued by societies through myths in domestic and foreign policies will be discussed. Finally, the functional role of this Greek memory in Hellenistic diplomacy will be examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mythology, Heracles, Heraclids, Trojan War, Cadmus, Autochthony

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