BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

“BÜYÜK UMUTLAR” ROMANINDA SUÇ VE SUÇLULARIN ELE ALINIŞ BİÇİMİNE RETORİĞE DAYALI ANLATIBİLİMSEL BİR YAKLAŞIM

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 1, 571 - 594, 01.01.2018

Öz

Bu çalışma, Charles Dickens’ın Büyük Umutlar 1861 romanında suç konusuna ve suçlu karakterlere odaklanarak romanın retorik-odaklı anlatıbilimsel bir incelemesini yapmayı amaçlar. Romanının okuyucu için bir suç ve suçlu anatomisi çizdiğine dikkat çeken birçok çalışma olmuştur, fakat romanın suçlu karakterlere farklı yaklaşımı ve bunun okuyucu üzerindeki olası etkileri pek fazla anlatıbilimsel bir dikkat çekmemiştir. Yasa önünde hepsi suçlu olarak nitelense de, Magwitch, Compeyson ve Molly karakterleri metinde farklı şekillerde konumlandırılmıştır. Eser, Magwitch karakterine yönelik okuyucuyu gerçek bir duygudaşlık hissine teşvik ederken, Compeyson’a karşı dinmeyen bir nefret duygusu, Molly’ye ise mutlak bir kayıtsızlık hissi uyandırır. Bu makalenin öne sürdüğü iddia, sosyal olarak kenara itilmiş bir karakter olan Magwitch’e yönelik sempatik tutumu ile yargı sistemindeki eşitsizliklere okurun dikkatini çekmeyi amaçlayan bu romanın yine de suç konusunda beklentileri ters yüz eden radikal bir yaklaşım öneremediği şeklindedir. Bunun nedenleri şöyle ifade edilebilir: ilk olarak, bir Oluşum romanı örneği olarak bu eser, bireyin topluma uyum sağlaması ile sonuçlanan ve eğitim sürecine vurgu yapan bir anlatı biçiminin sınırları içine sıkışmıştır. Ayrıca, “ima edilen yazar” sosyal anlamda kenara itilmiş diğer bir karakter olan Molly’yi merkeze koymak için hiçbir şey yapmaz. Alt sınıftan gelen bu kadın, metnin kenarlarında sessizleştirilmiş bir şekilde kalır ve “suçlu” olarak konumlandırılışı hiçbir biçimde tartışma konusu olmaz.

Kaynakça

  • Armstrong, Nancy. “The Fiction of Bourgeois Morality and the Paradox of Individualism.” The Novel: Forms and Themes. Ed. Franco Moretti. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2006. 346-388.
  • Booth, Wayne Clayson. The Rhetoric of Fiction. New York: Penguin, 1991.
  • Brown, Julia Prewitt. “The Moral Scope of the English Bildungsroman.” The Oxford Handbook of the Victorian Novel. Ed. Lisa Rodensky. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 663-676.
  • Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1978.
  • Cheadle, Brian. “The late novels: Great Expectations and Our Mutual Friend.” The Cambridge Companion to Charles Dickens. Ed. John O. Jordan. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001. 78-91.
  • Dickens, Charles. The Mystery of Edwin Drood and Master Humphrey's Clock. London: Heron Books, 1970.
  • ---. Bleak House. London. Penguin Books, 1994.
  • ---. A Christmas Carol and other Christmas Books. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006.
  • ---. Great Expectations. New Delhi: Peacock, 2007.
  • ---. Oliver Twist. London: Penguin Books, 2012
  • Eagleton, Terry. The English Novel: An Introduction. Malden: Blackwell, 2005.
  • Genette, Gérard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Trans. J. E. Lewin. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1972.
  • Hawes, Donald. Charles Dickens. London: Continuum, 2007.
  • Levine, George. How to Read the Victorian Novel? Malden: Blackwell, 2008.
  • Marx, Karl. “Capital punishment. – Mr. Cobden's Pamphlet. – Regulation of the Bank of England.” Karl Marx – Frederic Engels: Collected Works 11 (1979): 495- 501.
  • Moretti, Franco. “Introduction: The Bildungsroman as Symbolic Form.” The Way of the World: The Bildungsroman in European Culture. London: Verso, 1987. 3-13.
  • Pettitt, Clare. “Legal Subjects, legal objects: The Law and Victorian Fiction.” A Concise Companion to the Victorian Novel. Ed. Francis O’Gorman. Malden: Blackwell, 2005. 71-90.
  • Phelan, James. “Rhetorical Approaches to Narrative.” Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory. Eds. David Herman, Manfred Jahn ve Marie-Laure Ryan. New York: Routledge, 2005. 500-504.
  • ---. “Rhetoric/Ethics.” The Cambridge Companion to Narrative. Ed. David Herman. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007. 203-216.
  • Ryan, Marie Laure. “Meaning, Intent and the Implied Author.” Style 45.1 (2011): 29- 47.
  • Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage, 1994.
  • Shen, Dan. “What is the Implied Author?” Style 45.1 (2011): 80-98.
  • Squires, Paul Chatham. “Charles Dickens as Criminologist.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 29.2 (1938): 170-201.
  • Sutherland, John. Victorian Fiction: Writers, Publishers, Readers. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 1995.
  • Tambling, Jeremy. “Prison-Bound: Dickens and Foucault.” Essays on Criticism 36 (1986): 11-31.
  • Thomas, Ronald R. “Detection in the Victorian Novel.” The Cambridge Companion the Victorian Novel. Ed. Deirdre David. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001. 169- 191.
  • Tredell, Nicolas. Charles Dickens: David Copperfield/Great Expectations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
  • Van Ghent, Dorothy. “On Great Expectations.” The Realist Novel. Ed. Dennis Walder. Routledge: 1995. 255-261.

A RHETORICAL NARRATOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF CRIME AND CRIMINALS IN GREAT EXPECTATIONS

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 1, 571 - 594, 01.01.2018

Öz

This paper aims to present a rhetorical narratological analysis of Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations 1861 with a specific focus on the issue of crime and the figure of the criminal. There are many studies pointing out that the novel provides the reader with an anatomy of crime and the criminal; yet, its differing treatment of the criminal characters and its possible effects over the reader have not received much narratological attention. Although Magwitch, Compeyson, and Molly can all be equally considered criminals in the eyes of the law, they are positioned differently in the text. The novel arouses genuine sympathy for Magwitch, whereas it incites implacable hatred towards Compeyson and utter indifference to Molly. The novel’s sympathetic attitude to Magwitch, a socially-marginalized character, aims to invite the reader’s attention to inequalities in the juridical system; however, it does not offer a subversive treatment of the issue of crime because it stays within the confines of bourgeois morality: first, as a Bildungsroman, it underlines the individual’s education resulting in his/her integration into society; second, the implied author does not centralize another socially-disadvantaged character: Molly. As a lower-class woman, she remains voiceless in the margins of the text and her position as a criminal is not contested at all.

Kaynakça

  • Armstrong, Nancy. “The Fiction of Bourgeois Morality and the Paradox of Individualism.” The Novel: Forms and Themes. Ed. Franco Moretti. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2006. 346-388.
  • Booth, Wayne Clayson. The Rhetoric of Fiction. New York: Penguin, 1991.
  • Brown, Julia Prewitt. “The Moral Scope of the English Bildungsroman.” The Oxford Handbook of the Victorian Novel. Ed. Lisa Rodensky. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 663-676.
  • Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1978.
  • Cheadle, Brian. “The late novels: Great Expectations and Our Mutual Friend.” The Cambridge Companion to Charles Dickens. Ed. John O. Jordan. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001. 78-91.
  • Dickens, Charles. The Mystery of Edwin Drood and Master Humphrey's Clock. London: Heron Books, 1970.
  • ---. Bleak House. London. Penguin Books, 1994.
  • ---. A Christmas Carol and other Christmas Books. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006.
  • ---. Great Expectations. New Delhi: Peacock, 2007.
  • ---. Oliver Twist. London: Penguin Books, 2012
  • Eagleton, Terry. The English Novel: An Introduction. Malden: Blackwell, 2005.
  • Genette, Gérard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Trans. J. E. Lewin. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1972.
  • Hawes, Donald. Charles Dickens. London: Continuum, 2007.
  • Levine, George. How to Read the Victorian Novel? Malden: Blackwell, 2008.
  • Marx, Karl. “Capital punishment. – Mr. Cobden's Pamphlet. – Regulation of the Bank of England.” Karl Marx – Frederic Engels: Collected Works 11 (1979): 495- 501.
  • Moretti, Franco. “Introduction: The Bildungsroman as Symbolic Form.” The Way of the World: The Bildungsroman in European Culture. London: Verso, 1987. 3-13.
  • Pettitt, Clare. “Legal Subjects, legal objects: The Law and Victorian Fiction.” A Concise Companion to the Victorian Novel. Ed. Francis O’Gorman. Malden: Blackwell, 2005. 71-90.
  • Phelan, James. “Rhetorical Approaches to Narrative.” Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory. Eds. David Herman, Manfred Jahn ve Marie-Laure Ryan. New York: Routledge, 2005. 500-504.
  • ---. “Rhetoric/Ethics.” The Cambridge Companion to Narrative. Ed. David Herman. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007. 203-216.
  • Ryan, Marie Laure. “Meaning, Intent and the Implied Author.” Style 45.1 (2011): 29- 47.
  • Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage, 1994.
  • Shen, Dan. “What is the Implied Author?” Style 45.1 (2011): 80-98.
  • Squires, Paul Chatham. “Charles Dickens as Criminologist.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 29.2 (1938): 170-201.
  • Sutherland, John. Victorian Fiction: Writers, Publishers, Readers. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 1995.
  • Tambling, Jeremy. “Prison-Bound: Dickens and Foucault.” Essays on Criticism 36 (1986): 11-31.
  • Thomas, Ronald R. “Detection in the Victorian Novel.” The Cambridge Companion the Victorian Novel. Ed. Deirdre David. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001. 169- 191.
  • Tredell, Nicolas. Charles Dickens: David Copperfield/Great Expectations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
  • Van Ghent, Dorothy. “On Great Expectations.” The Realist Novel. Ed. Dennis Walder. Routledge: 1995. 255-261.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Elzem Nazli Bu kişi benim

Elif Öztabak Avcı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Nazli, E., & Öztabak Avcı, E. (2018). A RHETORICAL NARRATOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF CRIME AND CRIMINALS IN GREAT EXPECTATIONS. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 58(1), 571-594.

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi - dtcfdergisi@ankara.edu.tr

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