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FEMİNİST TİYATRODA SÜFRAJETTEN ÇOK SESLİLİĞE: PAM GEMS'İN “DUSA”, “FISH”, “STAS AND VI” BAŞLIKLI TİYATRO ESERİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 1, 710 - 731, 01.01.2018

Öz

Feminist hareketin kendi içerisindeki farklı görüşlere ilişkin tartışmaları ele almak için uygun bir tür olan feminist drama kadın hareketine paralel bir şekilde gelişmiştir. Britanya’da birinci dalga drama örneklerine, esasen kadınların oy kullanma hakkı kazanmasına yönelik bir çaba olan Süfrajet Suffragette hareket tarafından desteklenen Actress’s Franchise League gibi Süfrajet tiyatro grupları için yazılan kadınlar ile ilgili oyunlarda rastlanmaktadır. Bu oyunlar farkındalık yaratmak için yazılmış oyunlardır. Süfrajet tiyatronun gelişiminden sonra, Britanya’da 1968 Parlamento Kararı ile sansürün kaldırılması İngiltere’de feminist tiyatronun gelişimi açısından hem bir dönüm noktası hem de ikinci adım olarak değerlendirilebilir; zira bu karar feminist oyun yazarlarına önceleri yasak kabul edilen birçok konuyu ele alma olanağı sağlamıştır. Dolayısıyla, birinci dalga, diğer bir deyişle, Süfrajet tiyatronun aksine, savaş sonrası ikinci dalga feminist tiyatro kadın sorunlarını daha geniş bir ölçekte ele alma özelliği taşımaktadır. Bu dönemde, farklı yaklaşımlar benimseyen kadın oyun yazarlarının neredeyse tümü kadın sorunları ile ilgili kaygılarını sahnede ifade etme olanağı bulmuş ve bu yazarların çoğu daha küçük ölçekli alternatif tiyatrolarca ve kadın birliklerince desteklenmiştir. Bu bilgiler ışığında, bu çalışmanın amacı, savaş sonrası İngiliz feminist tiyatrosunda görülen çok sesliliği veya çeşitliliği Pam Gems’in Dusa, Fish, Stas and Vi 1976 başlıklı oyunu üzerinde ayrıntılı bir inceleme yapmak suretiyle incelemek ve örneklendirmektir.

Kaynakça

  • Austin, Gayle. Feminist Theories for Dramatic Criticism. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1995.
  • Castro, Ginette. American Feminism: A Contemporary History. New York: New York UP, 1990.
  • Chambers, Colin, and Mike Prior. Playwrights' Progress: Patterns of Postwar British Drama. Oxford: Amber Lane, 1987.
  • Cockin, Katharine. “Women's Suffrage Drama.” The Women's Suffrage Movement: New Feminist Essays. Ed. Maroula Joannou and June Purvis, Manchester: Manchester UP, 1998.
  • Fortier, Mark. Theory/Theatre: An Introduction. London: Routledge., 1997.
  • Gems, Pam. “Dusa, Fish, Stas and Vi.” Plays by Women. Ed. Michelene Wandor, Vol I. London; New York: Methuen, 1982.
  • ---. “Imagination and Gender.” On Gender and Writing. (ed.) Michelene Wandor, London: Pandora Press, 1983.
  • ---. "Not in Their Name." The Guardian. N.p. 17 May 2003. Web. 28 Feb. 2018.
  • Goodman, Lizbeth, and Jane De Gay. Feminist Stages: Interviews with Women in Contemporary British Theatre. London: Routledge, 1996.
  • Hamilton, Cicely Mary. Marriage as a Trade. Charleston: BiblioBazaar, 2009.
  • Innes, C. D. Modern British Drama 1890-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1992.
  • Kelly, Katherine E. Modern Drama by Women 1800s-1930s: An International Anthology. London: Routledge, 1996.
  • Kolmar, Wendy K., and Frances Bartkowski. Feminist Theory: a reader. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2005.
  • Landry, Donna, and Gerald M. MacLean. Materialist Feminisms. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1993.
  • MacSween, Morag. Anorexic Bodies: A Feminist and Sociological Perspective on Anorexia Nervosa. London: Routledge, 1993.
  • Robins, Elizabeth. “Feministe Movement in England.” Way Stations. N.p. Web. 28 Feb. 2018.
  • Stowell, Sheila. A Stage of Their Own: Feminist Playwrights of the Suffrage Era. Ann Arbor, MI: U of Michigan, 1992.
  • Wandor, Michelene. Carry On, Understudies: Theatre and Sexual Politics. London: Routledge & Kegal Paul, 1986.
  • Wykes, Maggie, and Barrie Gunter. The Media and Body Image: If Looks Could Kill. London: SAGE, 2005.

FROM SUFFRAGETTE TO DIVERSITY OF VOICES IN FEMINIST DRAMA: PAM GEMS'S DUSA, FISH, STAS AND VI

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 1, 710 - 731, 01.01.2018

Öz

Feminist drama, as a suitable genre for the discussion of debates over different views within the feminist movement itself, developed in parallel with women’s movement. It is possible to find the examples of first-wave drama in England in the plays on women written for the groups of suffragette theatre such as the Actress’s Franchise League supported by the suffragette movement that was mainly an effort of women to gain the right to vote. These plays were written and performed to raise awareness. After the development of suffragette drama, the abolition of censorship in Britain by the Act of Parliament in 1968 may be regarded as a landmark and as the second step in terms of the development of feminist drama in England because it gave the feminist playwrights of the time the opportunity to deal with subjects that were formerly regarded as taboo. Hence, as opposed to the first-wave; that is, suffragette drama, the second-wave post-war feminist drama was characterised by representing women’s issues in a larger scale. Almost all woman playwrights with different attitudes were able to reflect their concerns over women’s problems on stage and most of them received consistent support from smaller, alternative theatres, and women’s companies. The purpose of this study is therefore to explore and exemplify the multiplicity or diversity of voices in post-war British feminist drama through a detailed analysis of Pam Gems’s Dusa, Fish, Stas and Vi 1976 .

Kaynakça

  • Austin, Gayle. Feminist Theories for Dramatic Criticism. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1995.
  • Castro, Ginette. American Feminism: A Contemporary History. New York: New York UP, 1990.
  • Chambers, Colin, and Mike Prior. Playwrights' Progress: Patterns of Postwar British Drama. Oxford: Amber Lane, 1987.
  • Cockin, Katharine. “Women's Suffrage Drama.” The Women's Suffrage Movement: New Feminist Essays. Ed. Maroula Joannou and June Purvis, Manchester: Manchester UP, 1998.
  • Fortier, Mark. Theory/Theatre: An Introduction. London: Routledge., 1997.
  • Gems, Pam. “Dusa, Fish, Stas and Vi.” Plays by Women. Ed. Michelene Wandor, Vol I. London; New York: Methuen, 1982.
  • ---. “Imagination and Gender.” On Gender and Writing. (ed.) Michelene Wandor, London: Pandora Press, 1983.
  • ---. "Not in Their Name." The Guardian. N.p. 17 May 2003. Web. 28 Feb. 2018.
  • Goodman, Lizbeth, and Jane De Gay. Feminist Stages: Interviews with Women in Contemporary British Theatre. London: Routledge, 1996.
  • Hamilton, Cicely Mary. Marriage as a Trade. Charleston: BiblioBazaar, 2009.
  • Innes, C. D. Modern British Drama 1890-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1992.
  • Kelly, Katherine E. Modern Drama by Women 1800s-1930s: An International Anthology. London: Routledge, 1996.
  • Kolmar, Wendy K., and Frances Bartkowski. Feminist Theory: a reader. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2005.
  • Landry, Donna, and Gerald M. MacLean. Materialist Feminisms. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1993.
  • MacSween, Morag. Anorexic Bodies: A Feminist and Sociological Perspective on Anorexia Nervosa. London: Routledge, 1993.
  • Robins, Elizabeth. “Feministe Movement in England.” Way Stations. N.p. Web. 28 Feb. 2018.
  • Stowell, Sheila. A Stage of Their Own: Feminist Playwrights of the Suffrage Era. Ann Arbor, MI: U of Michigan, 1992.
  • Wandor, Michelene. Carry On, Understudies: Theatre and Sexual Politics. London: Routledge & Kegal Paul, 1986.
  • Wykes, Maggie, and Barrie Gunter. The Media and Body Image: If Looks Could Kill. London: SAGE, 2005.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Özden Dere

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Dere, Ö. (2018). FROM SUFFRAGETTE TO DIVERSITY OF VOICES IN FEMINIST DRAMA: PAM GEMS’S DUSA, FISH, STAS AND VI. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 58(1), 710-731.

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi

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