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ÜTOPYA ROMANINDA ORTAÇAĞ YANSIMALARI: WILLIAM MORRIS'İN JOHN BALL'UN RÜYASI

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 1, 559 - 574, 01.01.2019

Öz

Bir ütopya yazarı olan William Morris, genel olarak ideal dünya düzenini Ortaçağ döneminde geçen kurgularla yaratmıştır. Yazara göre, Ortaçağ, hiyerarşik yapısından dolayı dönemin örnek teşkil edecek bir topluma ev sahipliği yapmasına engel olan feodalizmin varlığından dolayı nispeten ideal bir toplum düzeni sunmaktadır. Ancak yine de köylülerin yaşamlarındaki uyum ve birlik ile zanaatkârlar ve/veya işçiler arasındaki iş dağılımı Morris'in ütopya algısının temelini oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak feodalizmi yenmek için atılmış başarısız bir adım olsa da Morris 1381 yılında gerçekleştirilen Köylü Ayaklanması'nı dayanışmanın somut bir örneği olarak görmekteydi. Böylece insanların sosyalist ideolojiler çerçevesinde ideal bir toplum düzeni kurabileceğine inanmıştır. A Dream of John Ball John Ball'un Rüyası 1886 isimli romanında yazar, kendisini ayaklanmanın olduğu zamanlarda, on dördüncü yüzyılda bulan anlatıcının rüyasını anlatmaktadır. Söz konusu eserinde Morris Viktorya dönemi proletaryasına sanayicilere karşı ayaklanmak için dayanışmanın ne kadar önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada Morris'in Köylü Ayaklanması'nı on dokuzuncu yüzyıl Britanya toplumunun dayanışmayı kuvvetlendirmeleri ve ideal bir dünya kurmalarını teşvik etmek amacıyla sosyalizm propagandası olarak nasıl kullandığı ele alınacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Bukowska, Joanna. “William Morris’s Dream of John Ball and the Victorian Vision of Medieval History.” Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 10.2 (2015): 63–78. Web. 16 Nov.2017.
  • Claeys, Gregory. “News from Somewhere: Enhanced Sociability and the Composite Definition of Utopia and Dystopia.” History 98 (2013): 145–173.
  • Coleman, Janet. English Literature in History: 1350-1400 Medieval Readers and Writers. London: Hutchinson, 1981.
  • Dobson, Richard B. The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381. Ed. Gywn A. Williams. 2nd ed. London: Macmillian, 1983.
  • Eisenman Stephen F. “Communism in Furs: A Dream of Prehistory in William Morris’s John Ball.” The Art Bulletin 87.1 (2005): 92-110. Web. 30 Mar. 2017.
  • Gellrich, Jesse M. Discourse and Dominion in the Fourteenth Century: Oral Contexts of Writing in Philosophy, Politics, and Poetry. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1995.
  • Hilton, Rodney. Bond Men Made Free: Medieval Peasant Movement and the English Rising of 1381. London: Routledge, 2003.
  • Holzman, Michael. “The Encouragement and Warning of History: William Morris’s A Dream of John Ball.” Socialism and the Literary Artistry of William Morris. Eds.
  • Florence S. Boos and Carole G. Silver. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1989. 98-116.
  • Kegel, Charles Herbert. Medieval-modern Contrasts Used for a Social Purpose in the Work of William Cobbett, Robert Southey, A. Welby Pugin, Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin and William Morris. Diss. Michigan State University, 1955. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Web. 2 Jul. 2017.
  • Lambdin, L. C. and R. T. Lambdin. Camelot in the Nineteenth Century: Arthurian Characters in the Poems of Tennyson, Arnold, Morris and Swinburne. Westport: Greenwood, 2000.
  • Meier, Paul. William Morris: the Marxist Dreamer. Ed. Robin Page Arnot. Trans. Frank Gubb. Vol. 1. Sussex: Harvester, 1978.
  • Morris, May. William Morris: Artist, Writer, Socialist: The Art of William Morris. Vol 1. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.
  • --- and George Bernard Shaw. William Morris: Artist, Writer, Socialist: Morris as a
  • Socialist; William Morris as I Knew Him. Vol 2. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.
  • Morris, William. A Dream of John Ball and A King’s Lesson. London: Reeves, 1923.
  • ---. “How I Became a Socialist.” London: Twentieth Century, 1896.
  • ---. The Collected Works of William Morris. Ed. May Morris. Vol. 22. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.
  • ---. “True and False Society.” London: the Hammersmith Socialist Kelmscott House, 1893.
  • Oman, Charles. Great Revolt of 1381. New York: Haskell House, 1968. Rogers, James E. Thorold. Six Centuries of Work and Wages: The History of English Labour (1884). Kitchener: Batoche Books, 2001.
  • Salmon, Nicholas. “A Reassessment of A Dream of John Ball.” The Journal of the William Morris Society 14.2. (2001): 29-38. Web. 28 June 2018.
  • Sizeranne, Robert de la. The Pre-Raphaelites. Trans. Andrew Byrd. New York: Parkstone, 2008.
  • Vaninskaya, Anna. William Morris and the Idea of Community: Romance, History and Propaganda, 1880-1914. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2010.
  • Walsingham, Thomæ. Historia Anglicana. Vol. II. Ed. Henry Thomas Riley. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1864.

REFLECTIONS OF MEDIEVALISM IN UTOPIAN FICTION: WILLIAM MORRIS'S A DREAM OF JOHN BALL

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 1, 559 - 574, 01.01.2019

Öz

As a medievalist utopian, in many of his works, William Morris fictionalised an ideal world in medieval times. According to him, the medieval period reflects a relatively perfect social order since the existence of feudalism hinders the period to be home to an exemplary society because of its hierarchical structure. However, the unity and harmony in the lives of the peasants and the distribution of work among the craftsmen and/or workers in the Middle Ages underlie Morris' understanding of utopia. Although the Peasant's Revolution in 1381 is ultimately an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow feudalism, he also regarded this momentous revolution as an epitome of solidarity. Thus, he believed that people could establish an ideal society within the framework of socialist ideology. In his novel A Dream of John Ball 1888 , he tells of a dream where the narrator wakes up in the fourteenth century, the time of the revolt. Through his work, Morris demonstrates to the Victorian proletarians the importance of solidarity to ght against the industrialists. Within this context, this paper will elaborate on how Morris presents the Peasants' Revolt as socialist propaganda to prompt nineteenth-century British society to foster solidarity and to create an ideal world.

Kaynakça

  • Bukowska, Joanna. “William Morris’s Dream of John Ball and the Victorian Vision of Medieval History.” Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 10.2 (2015): 63–78. Web. 16 Nov.2017.
  • Claeys, Gregory. “News from Somewhere: Enhanced Sociability and the Composite Definition of Utopia and Dystopia.” History 98 (2013): 145–173.
  • Coleman, Janet. English Literature in History: 1350-1400 Medieval Readers and Writers. London: Hutchinson, 1981.
  • Dobson, Richard B. The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381. Ed. Gywn A. Williams. 2nd ed. London: Macmillian, 1983.
  • Eisenman Stephen F. “Communism in Furs: A Dream of Prehistory in William Morris’s John Ball.” The Art Bulletin 87.1 (2005): 92-110. Web. 30 Mar. 2017.
  • Gellrich, Jesse M. Discourse and Dominion in the Fourteenth Century: Oral Contexts of Writing in Philosophy, Politics, and Poetry. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1995.
  • Hilton, Rodney. Bond Men Made Free: Medieval Peasant Movement and the English Rising of 1381. London: Routledge, 2003.
  • Holzman, Michael. “The Encouragement and Warning of History: William Morris’s A Dream of John Ball.” Socialism and the Literary Artistry of William Morris. Eds.
  • Florence S. Boos and Carole G. Silver. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1989. 98-116.
  • Kegel, Charles Herbert. Medieval-modern Contrasts Used for a Social Purpose in the Work of William Cobbett, Robert Southey, A. Welby Pugin, Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin and William Morris. Diss. Michigan State University, 1955. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Web. 2 Jul. 2017.
  • Lambdin, L. C. and R. T. Lambdin. Camelot in the Nineteenth Century: Arthurian Characters in the Poems of Tennyson, Arnold, Morris and Swinburne. Westport: Greenwood, 2000.
  • Meier, Paul. William Morris: the Marxist Dreamer. Ed. Robin Page Arnot. Trans. Frank Gubb. Vol. 1. Sussex: Harvester, 1978.
  • Morris, May. William Morris: Artist, Writer, Socialist: The Art of William Morris. Vol 1. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.
  • --- and George Bernard Shaw. William Morris: Artist, Writer, Socialist: Morris as a
  • Socialist; William Morris as I Knew Him. Vol 2. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.
  • Morris, William. A Dream of John Ball and A King’s Lesson. London: Reeves, 1923.
  • ---. “How I Became a Socialist.” London: Twentieth Century, 1896.
  • ---. The Collected Works of William Morris. Ed. May Morris. Vol. 22. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.
  • ---. “True and False Society.” London: the Hammersmith Socialist Kelmscott House, 1893.
  • Oman, Charles. Great Revolt of 1381. New York: Haskell House, 1968. Rogers, James E. Thorold. Six Centuries of Work and Wages: The History of English Labour (1884). Kitchener: Batoche Books, 2001.
  • Salmon, Nicholas. “A Reassessment of A Dream of John Ball.” The Journal of the William Morris Society 14.2. (2001): 29-38. Web. 28 June 2018.
  • Sizeranne, Robert de la. The Pre-Raphaelites. Trans. Andrew Byrd. New York: Parkstone, 2008.
  • Vaninskaya, Anna. William Morris and the Idea of Community: Romance, History and Propaganda, 1880-1914. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2010.
  • Walsingham, Thomæ. Historia Anglicana. Vol. II. Ed. Henry Thomas Riley. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1864.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Funda Hay Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 59 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Hay, F. (2019). REFLECTIONS OF MEDIEVALISM IN UTOPIAN FICTION: WILLIAM MORRIS’S A DREAM OF JOHN BALL. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 59(1), 559-574.

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi - dtcfdergisi@ankara.edu.tr

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