KİM KİME BAKIYOR? TÜRKİYE'DEKİ UKRAYNALILARIN TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYETLİ BAKIM DÖNGÜLERİ VE ULUSAŞIRI GÖÇLERİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 60 Sayı: 1, 312 - 334, 01.01.2020

Ayla Deniz

Öz

Bu çalışmada toplumsal cinsiyet, bakım ve hareketlilik ilişkisi, Türkiye'deki Ukraynalı göçmenler örneği üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmanın ana sorusu, bakımın toplumsal cinsiyetli inşasının, yaşlıların ulusaşırı hareketliliğinin yönünü nasıl etkilediğidir. Bu sorunun cevabı için Antalya, İstanbul ve Ankara'da yaşayan 3 farklı nesilden toplam 18 Ukraynalı kadınla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapıldı; onların hayat hikâyeleri dinlendi ve katılımlı gözlemler gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma sonunda anlaşıldı ki yaşlı Ukraynalı kadınlar, Türklerle evli olan kızları tarafından bakılmak için Türkiye'ye geliyorlar. Türkiye'ye gelen Ukraynalı kadınlar, bu bakım karşılığında torunlarına bakıyorlar. Böylece devletin ve erkeklerin rolünün azaldığı ve anne-kız evlat-torun arasında kurulan bir bakım döngüsü ortaya çıkıyor. Bu bakım döngüsü, yaşlı kadınların, kız evlatlarının bulunduğu coğrafyalara yöneldiği bir ulusaşırı hareketlilik paterni yaratmakta ve zamanla, genç kadınların göçüyle yaşlı kadınların göçünün rotaları birleşmeye başlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Bakım Döngüsü, Ulusaşırı Göç, Ukraynalılar, Türkiye

WHO CARES WHOM? GENDERED CARE CIRCUITS AND TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION OF UKRAINIANS IN TURKEY

Öz

In this article, the relationship between gender, care and mobility is discussed on the case of Ukrainian migrants in Turkey. The main question of the article is how the gendered construction of care influences the direction of the elderly's transnational mobility. Indepth interviews were carried out with 20 Ukrainian women from 3 different generations who live in Antalya, İstanbul and Ankara for the answer to this question; narratives of their life stories were listened to and participant observations were made. It was found out as a result of the study that elderly Ukrainian women come to Turkey to be looked after by their daughters married to Turks. In return for this care, they look after their grandchildren. In this way, a care circuit constructed between the mother-daughtergrandchildren where the role of the state and men diminishes has emerged. This care circuit has created a transnational mobility where the elderly women go towards places where their daughters live and, in time, the migration routes of young and elderly women start to merge.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gender, Care Circuit, Transnational Migration, Ukrainians, Turkey

Kaynakça

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