KORKU VE İĞRENME: ROBİNSON CRUSOE ROMANINDA ZELİL

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 2, 1465 - 1497, 20.12.2022

Gökhan Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.28

Öz

Bu çalışma, Daniel Defoe’nun Robinson Crusoe romanını, Kristevacı bir bakış açısıyla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kristeva’nın iğrenme/zelil kuramı, bu romanda korkunun ve iğrenmenin güçlerini tartışmak için işe koşulmaktadır. Korku ve iğrenme, Crusoe’nun hikayesi ve onun Batılı benliği, Kristeva’nın sözleriyle söylemek gerekirse, süreç halindeki bir öznenin kuruluşu ve dağılışı için son derece önemlidir. Bu sebeple, bu çalışma Robinson Crusoe romanındaki iğrenme ve zelil kavramlarını araştırır ve Defoe’nun çatallanan metniyle de uyumlu olarak, iki bölümden oluşur. İlk bölüm, zelil figürünün Robinson Crusoe’ya nasıl musallat olduğunu ve zelilin hikayesinde nasıl görünür hale geldiğini inceler. Bu bölüm, Crusoe’nun insanlıktan uzakta, sürgünde olma, bilinenin ve adlandırılanın hüküm sürdüğü simgesel alandan kovulma, anlaşılmazlığın hakim olduğu imgesel alana düşme hallerini, insan formunu kaybetme ve katıksız bir hayvaniliğe gömülme, vahşiler ve hayvanlar tarafından yutulma korkularını, yamyamlığa karşı olan takıntısını, ölüm korkusunu ve ötekiyle karşılaşma anlarını irdeler. Diğer bölüm ise, bölgelerin tasarlayıcısı ve karmaşanın düzenleyicisi olan Crusoe’nun kendi evrenini nasıl sınırlarla işaretlediğini, zelile karşı koymak için bu sınırları nasıl sağlamlaştırdığını, ve zelile karşı verdiği mücadele ile nasıl bir özne olmaya çalıştığını ele alır. Bu bölüm, öznenin iğrenme süreci aracığıyla nasıl kendini doğurduğunu tartışır. İğrenme hariç kılınan, hazmedilip sindirilen şeylere ışık tuttuğu için, bu çalışma aynı zamanda nelerin bu romanın sınırlarının dışına sürüldüğünü de anlamaya çalışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, Kristeva, Zelil

FEAR AND REPULSION: THE ABJECT IN ROBINSON CRUSOE

Öz

This paper aims to explore Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe from a Kristevan perspective. Kristeva’s theory of abjection is employed to discuss the powers of horror and disgust in this novel. Fear and repulsion are so fundamental to the story of Crusoe, to the construction and disintegration of his Western self, a subject in process and on trial in the words of Kristeva. Therefore, this study deals with the abject and abjection in Robinson Crusoe and consists of two sections in accordance with Defoe’s bifurcated text. The first section focuses on how Crusoe is haunted by the abject and how the abject becomes manifest in his tale. It explores Crusoe’s banishment from humankind, expulsion from the symbolic domain of the knowable and nameable into the asymbolic realm of the incomprehensible, his fear of losing his human shape, of sinking into sheer animality, his constant terror of being devoured by beasts and savages, his obsession with cannibalism, his fear of death and his confrontation with the other. The other section concentrates on how Crusoe, a deviser of territories and an organiser of chaos, demarcates his universe, consolidates his boundaries to strive against the abject, and seeks to become a subject in his struggle against the abject. It discusses how the subject gives birth to himself by means of abjection. Since abjection sheds light on what is excluded or digested, this discussion of the novel is also intended to provide insights into what is dismissed from the confines of this novel.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, Kristeva, Zelil

Kaynakça

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