An Automatic Model Based on Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence via Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Detection of Forest Fires

Yıl 2024, , 762 - 775, 29.04.2024

Mustafa Alptekin Engin , Serhan Kökhan

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1103375

Öz

Most of the oxygen we need to breathe is produced by forests, which are vital to our survival. Therefore, protecting forests is one of the most critical issues of the century. Forest fires that occur every year in different geographies of the World (USA, Australia etc.) cause severe economic loss and negatively affect the ecosystem. The fact that fire has various colors, shapes, and textures makes it challenging to detect forest fires from a distance. In this study, a fully automatic system is proposed by means of unmanned aerial vehicles in the detection of forest fires. The image segmentation method on satellite images was used in the detection of the forested land, and the cluster overlay method was used in order for the unmanned aerial vehicle to control the detected area in the shortest time and with the least amount of images.Then, the images obtained were evaluated according to the fire detection model based on artificial intelligence, and the initial and advanced stage fires were determined, and their locations were obtained. As a result, an early warning model that detects fire with an accuracy of approximately 97.51% is proposed in the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fire Detection, Image Processing, Set Covering, Artificial Intelligence

İnsansız Hava Araçları ile Orman Yangınlarının Tespitinde Görüntü İşleme ve Yapay Zekâ Tabanlı Otomatik Bir Model

Öz

Nefes almak için gereksinim duyduğumuz oksijenin büyük bir kısmı, hayatta kalabilmemiz için hayati öneme sahip olan ormanlar tarafından üretilir. Bu yüzden ormanları korumak, içinde yaşadığımız yüzyılın en önemli konu başlıklarından bir tanesidir. Dünyanın farklı coğrafyalarında (ABD, Avustralya vb.) her yıl meydana gelen orman yangınları ciddi ekonomik kayba neden olmakta ve ekosistemi olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Ateşin çeşitli renk, şekil ve doku özelliklerine sahip olması orman yangınlarının uzaktan algılanmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada orman yangınlarının tespitinde insansız hava araçları vasıtasıyla tamamen otomatik bir sistem önerilmiştir. Ormanlık arazinin tespitinde uydu görüntüleri üzerine görüntü bölütleme yöntemi kullanılmış, insansız hava aracının tespit edilen bölgeyi en kısa zamanda ve en az görüntü ile kontrol edebilmesi için de küme kaplama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra elde edilen imgeler üretilen yapay zekâya dayalı ateş algılama modeline göre değerlendirilip başlangıç ve ileri aşamadaki yangınlar tespit edilmiş ve konumları elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yapılan çalışmada yaklaşık %97,51 değerinde doğrulukla yangın tespit eden bir erken uyarı modeli önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yangın Algılama, Görüntü İşleme, Küme Kaplama, Yapay Zekâ

Kaynakça

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