Technical, Economic and Environmental Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Integrated Photovoltaic Panel and Energy Storage with Different Climatic Characteristics

Abstract

The increasing population in the world, the rapid development of technology, and the modern lifestyle leading society to more consumption increase the energy demand. Meeting the demand for energy widely from conventional sources creates many environmental and economic problems, especially global warming. Moreover, energy consumption devices' low efficiency and dependence on traditional resources further complicate the situation. Therefore, it is essential to electrify internal combustion vehicles, which have approximately 20% of fossil-based energy consumption, and to meet their energy demands with renewable energy systems (RES). In this study, the integration potential of electric vehicle (EV) charge stations with solar photovoltaic panels (PV) and energy storage systems (ESS) was investigated, and their technical, economic, and environmental effects were optimized. In addition, the effects of the proposed model in geographical regions with different climatic characteristics were determined by sensitivity analysis. The results showed that unit energy costs increased up to 21% due to climatic differences, and the best result was obtained in the province of Izmir with $0.046/kWh. ESSs used to reduce the clipped energy and increase clean energy consumption have caused the depreciation process to approach project life in cities with low solar radiation potential. On the other hand, the amortization period in hybrid models with PV decreased to 7.88 years. The results showed that PV-ESS-integrated EV charge stations might have different technical, economic, and environmental effects depending on the region's climatic characteristics. Developing infrastructure and investor incentive mechanisms is necessary by considering these situations.

Keywords

• Electric vehicle charging station
• Hybrid power system
• Optimization
• Photovoltaic panel
• Zero carbon targets.

Farklı İklim Özelliklerine Sahip Fotovoltaik Panel ve Enerji Depolama Entegreli Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Teknik, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Optimizasyonu

Abstract

Dünya’da artan nüfus, teknolojinin hızla gelişimi ve modern yaşam şeklinin toplumu daha fazla tüketime yönlendirmesi enerjiye olan talebi artırmaktadır. Talep edilen enerjinin yaygın olarak konvansiyonel kaynaklardan karşılanması küresel ısınma başta olmak üzere birçok çevresel ve ekonomik problem oluşturmaktadır. Dahası enerji tüketim araçlarının verimliliklerinin düşük olması ve daha çok konvansiyonel kaynaklara bağımlılığı bu durumu daha da kötüleştirmektedir. Dolayısı ile özellikle fosil kaynaklı enerji tüketiminin yaklaşık %20’sine sahip içten yanmalı araçların elektrikli hale getirilmesi ve bunların enerji taleplerinin yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları (YEK) ile karşılanması çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada elektrikli araç (EA) şarj istasyonlarının solar fotovoltaik panel (FV) ve enerji depolama sistemleri (EDS) ile entegrasyon potansiyeli araştırılmış ve teknik, ekonomik ve çevresel etkileri optimize edilmiştir. Ek olarak önerilen modelin farklı iklimsel özelliklere sahip coğrafi bölgelerdeki etkileri yapılan hassasiyet analizleri ile tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar birim enerji maliyetlerinin iklimsel farklılıklara bağlı olarak %21’e kadar artış gösterdiğini ve en iyi sonucun 0,046 $/kWh ile İzmir ilinde elde edildiğini göstermiştir. Kullanılamayan yenilenebilir enerji oranını azaltmak ve temiz enerji tüketimini artırmak amacıyla kullanılan EDS’ler, solar radyasyon potansiyeli düşük olan şehirlerde amortisman sürecinin proje ömrüne yaklaşmasına sebep olmuştur. Diğer taraftan FV’li hibrit modellerde amortisman süreci 7,88 yıla kadar düşmüştür. Sonuçlar FV-EDS entegreli EA şarj istasyonlarının bulundukları bölge iklim özelliklerine bağlı olarak farklı teknik, ekonomik ve çevresel etkilere sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu durumlar dikkate alınarak altyapı ve yatırımcı teşvik mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Elektrikli araç şarj istasyonları
• Fotovoltaik panel
• Hibrit güç sistemleri
• Optimizasyon
• Sıfır karbon hedefi

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